OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROADS. 779 



along the roadside. The work was done by the county con\ict road gang, and the 

 cost of labor was the cost of feeding and guarding the convicts, which was 35 cents 



})er day. Teams were owned and furnished by the county, and the cost of team 

 abor was estimated at the cost of subsistence, which was SI per day. The total cost 

 of the road to the community was $609.06, which is at the rate of 3 cents per square 

 yard, or $677.02 per mile. 



Newberry, S. C. — Work was begun at Newbeirj-, S. C, on the construction of 

 5,360 feet of sand-clay road, on May 26, 1909, and the road was completed on July 15, 

 1909. Since the natural grades were satisfactory, no grading was required. The clay 

 was secured from the bottom of the side ditches, loosened with picks, and thrown 

 on the road with shovels. The roadway was 20 feet wide between the ditches and 

 was covered with clay to a depth of 8 inches at the center, gradually diminishing in 

 thickness to nothing at the edges. Sand was hauled an average distance of 2,000 

 feet and spread 6 inches deep at the center, gradually diminishing to nothing at the 

 edges. The sand and clay were mixed with plows, harrows, and a road grader. Three 

 cross drains of vitrified clay tile were constructed, together with one of corrugated 

 iron 18 inches in diameter and 20 feet long with rubble masonry head walls. The 

 work was done with the county convicts and teams. Labor was estimated at 30 cents 

 per day and teams at SI. 30 per day. which is the cost of feeding. The cost of guarding 

 the con\'icts with guards at $1 per day was $48. The total cost of the road to the com- 

 munity was $515.49, which is at the rate of 4.33 cents per square yard, or $508.04 

 per mile. 



WiNNSBORO, S. C. — The work at Winnsboro, S. C, consisted of grading a section of 

 the Rockton road 1,700 feet in length and 40 feet in width, except a section 

 400 feet in length, which was graded to a width of 20 feet, and surfacing a section 

 600 feet in length with a sand-clay mixture. The country is quite hilly and the soil 

 a red clay. To secure proper grades and cross section, it was necessary to excavate 

 1,658 cubic yards of earth, which was done with picks and shovels. This earth was 

 then hauled in slat-bottom wagons an average distance of 400 feet, at a cost of $163.10. 

 Two hundred and sixty-six cubic yards of sand were h.xuled, spread upon the road 8 

 inches deep, and mixed with the clay by means of plows and harrows. To protect 

 the abutment of a bridge in the line of the work 33 cubic yards of riprap were placed 

 about it at a cost of S7.20. The work was done by the county con\ict road gang. 

 \\ith labor at 30 cents per day and teams at $1.50 per day, the cost of the improvement 

 was S203, which is at the rate of S807.73 for the completed road. Work was begun on 

 August 2, 1909, and completed on August 14, 1909. 



Paris, Tex. — Work was begun at Paris, Tex., on August 9, 1909, and the road was 

 entirely completed on August 27, 1909. Two days' time were lost in waiting for a 

 concrete culvert, which had been constructed in the line of work, to harden sufficiently 

 to remove the forms. The road, 5,280 feet in length, was graded to a finished width 

 of from 32 to 35 feet, including the entire width of the shoulders. Twenty-six hundred 

 cubic yards of earth were loosened by plows, and moved an average distance of 150 

 feet with drag and wheeled scrapers, at a cost of 11 cents per cubic yard. The adjacent 

 land is rolling and at station 2+85 and station 43+87 concrete culverts, with spans of 10 

 feet, were constructed at a cost of $323.09. Clay was hauled an average distance of 600 

 feet with wheeled scrapers and spread over the road for a width of 20 feet, and a thick- 

 ness of 7 inches in the center and 4 inches at the edges. Sand was spread over the clay 

 from the sides of the road with a road grader, and the sand and clay were mixed with 

 plows and harrows. The road was then completed by rolling with a 10-ton steam 

 roller. The total cost of the road to the community, exclusive of bridges, was $900, 

 with labor at $1.50 and teams at $3 per day of ten hours. 



EARTH ROADS. 



Americus, Ga. — The work of grading 1 mile of road at Americus, Ga., was begun 

 on August 25, 1909, and completed on September 18, 1909. The road was graded to a 

 width of 30 feet, including the entire width of the shoulders, and, to secure proper 

 grades, 6,400 cubic yards of earth and 100 cubic yards of stone were moved with wheeled 

 scrapers and in wagons for an average distance of 600 feet at a cost of $621.80. A 

 cross drain was constructed of corrugated iron, 12 inches in diameter and 34 feet long, 

 at a cost of $35. The work was done by the county convict road gang, and the cost of 

 labor and teams was the cost of subsistence, which for labor was 60 cents and for teams 

 $1 per day. The total cost of the road was $656.80. 



