BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 91 



DAIRY MANUFACTURING INVESTIGATIONS. 



Special efforts have been directed toward increasing the efRciency 

 of operation of creameries and improving the quality of their product. 

 Economical fuel consumption has been specially urged, not only for 

 the financial benefit of tne creameries but as a measure of conserving 

 coal. The utilization of exhaust steam for heating wash water and 

 boiler-feed water and for pasteurizing has been encouraged, and 42 

 exhaust-steam water heaters have been installed through the efforts 

 of the field men. In each case a saving of about 20 per cent of the 

 fuel bill was effected. Other creameries were advised as to the better 

 arrangement of their steam plants and the more economical use of 

 power. Increased efRciency was obtained in many creameries 

 through a more careful system of testing, simpler methods of account- 

 ing, and the reduction of the loss of fat in the buttermilk. Improved 

 methods in two Vermont creameries increased the incomes in one 

 year by S2,800 and -54,000, respectively. 



As in previous years, every effort has been made to improve the 

 quality of creamery butter through a more careful system of manu- 

 facture and a more careful inspection of the cream. In every case in 

 which the division's recommendations were adopted an improved 

 quality and a correspondingly better return for butter were the result. 

 An Iowa creamery, through the grading of cream and the payment of 

 a premium for good, sweet-flavored cream, received 3 cents a pound 

 more for its butter, making a gain of S3, 000 for the year. Similar 

 work at two other creameries in the same State entitled them to the 

 privilege of using on their butter the Iowa State brand, a mark in- 

 dicating high-grade butter. 



The Dairy Division has continued to give assistance in the funda- 

 mentals of creamery operation in the South, where there has been an 

 increase in the production of creamery butter as compared with the 

 preceding year, notwithstanding the diversion of much milk and 

 cream to the Army camps and cantonments. A cream-grading cam- 

 paign in Mississippi was remarkably successful. Eighteen of the 21 

 creameries in that State adopted grading, which has proved a factor 

 in better quality and better prices. 



In the Western States, where the demand for milk by condensaries 

 has tended to reduce the output of butter, the division's efforts have 

 been directed especiall}^ toward standardizing the product by means 

 of scoring contests as well as personal visits to creameries. There is 

 a growing tendency in that, as in other sections of the country, for 

 creameries to request assistance and to foQow advice given. 



THE GROVE CITY CREAMERY. 



The creamery at Grove City, Pa., operated bv the Dairy Division, 

 has been of great value in providing facilities for testing, on a com- 

 mercial scale, methods developed through laboratory research for 

 manufacturing all classes of dairy products. The development of 

 that creamery has made it necessary to provide a larger building and 

 inore equipment, and a 160,000 addition is now in course of construc- 

 tion. This additional space will provide facilities for the manufacture 

 of various kinds of cheese and at the same time allow more room for 

 the creamery. Probably the greatest development has been in the 

 quantity of milk received. Because of the high price paid for skim 



