FOREST SERVICE. 379 



Engelmann spruce, Douglas fir, and lodgepole pine in the central and 

 northern Rocky Mountain Forests; 8,062.47 acres with Douglas fir, 

 Sitka spruce, yellow pine, hardwoods, and various European species 

 in western Washington and Oregon; and 1,883.48 acres with sugar, 

 yellow, and Jeffrey pine, incense cedar, and Douglas fir in the Sierra 

 Nevada Mountains and northern ranges of California. Successful 

 reforestation was accomplished on some areas in every locality, 

 usualty those where thorough poisonmg has been combined with fall 

 sowing in seed spots or with other simple methods of cultivation. It 

 is probable that a satisfactory stand of young trees will be secured 

 on at least a third of the entire acreage sown. The results as a whole 

 indicate that reasonable success may be anticipated with native 

 species under the policy of concentration upon the most favorable 

 sites, with the work restricted mainly to fall sowing in prepared soil. 



Small experiments in seeding with Norway pine the sandy barrens 

 composing the National Forests of Michigan were begun. The devel- 

 opment of successful methods on these Forests will be of exceptional 

 value because of the enormous area of waste lands in northern Michi- 

 gan to which they can be applied. Another promising line of experi- 

 ments which has been successful is the extension of the valuable 

 hardwoods of the Southeast by seeding on the National Forests of 

 Arkansas. On the Ozark Forest 38.15 acres were sowti with black 

 walnut, hickoiy, and white and red oak, and 5.26 acres with black 

 locust. This work will be materially increased during the ensuing 

 year. 



The introduction of valuable exotics on portions of the Florida 

 National Forest, on inferior soils where natural reproduction is scat- 

 tered or wanting, has formed another set of experiments which may 

 have results of great economic importance. Three acres were sown 

 with the cork oak of the Mediterranean, and 157 acres with maritime 

 pine, the tree which supports the naval-stores industry of France. 

 These experiments will be continued until conclusive results are 

 obtained. 



The average cost of the areas seeded, including seed, was $4.08 

 per acre. The cost in the resj)ective districts varied from $2.35 

 per acre to $6.95, the chief factors being (1) cost of seed and (2) the 

 size of the areas seeded. The cheapest work was done in the large 

 projects of western Oregon, where solid blocks of several hundred acres 

 each were sown by organized crews of temporary laborers. Under 

 the policy adopted of concentrated seeding on large areas and the 

 collection of large amounts of seed in years of favorable crops, it is 

 probable that future seeding can be done uniformly at a cost of $3.50 

 to $4 per acre. 



PLANTING AND NURSERY WORK. 



With the major emphasis directed to seeding, it is the policy of 

 the Service to continue the production and planting of nursery stock 

 upon a limited scale; to develop its nursery practice to the highest 

 efficiency; to secure a series of com[)arative tests of planted stock 

 with direct seeding; and to extend experimental plantations into 

 the less favorable sites until the limitations upon this method are 

 determined. Its nursery and planting operations will be gradually 

 extended, as may be necessary lor these purposes or to secure greater 



