BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 213 



milk consumers. One of the most important things in milk inspection 

 is the employment by the cities of properl}^ qualified inspectors who 

 are capable of educating the farmers and the public. 



The bureau assisted in nine competitive milk exhibitions during the 

 year. These contests serve a useful purpose in educating the con- 

 sumers as well as the producers of milk. 



During the past year a system of inspection and permits for milk 

 sold in the Department of Agriculture was established. When this 

 became Itnown, the Departments of Commerce and Labor, Interior, 

 Treasury, State, War, and Navy requested the assistance of this 

 department in introducing and carrying on similar inspection in those 

 departments. The Dairy Division is conducting this inspection, in 

 cooperation with the chief clerks of the respective departments. Only 

 seven dealers are now permitted to sell milk in these departments. 

 Eleven others that have at one time or another had permits have been 

 refused a continuation of these permits because of the inferior quality 

 of their product. It is believed that this inspection is serving a 

 useful purpose, not only in protecting the employees, but in estab- 

 lishing a precedent that may be helpful to the general milk inspection 

 of this and other cities. 



A special investigation of the milk business in Boston and vicinity 

 was begun late in the fiscal year, in cooperation with the health 

 officials of that city, and is still under way. 



DAIRY MANUFACTURING INVESTIGATIONS. 



The work relating to dairy manufactures, in charge of Mr, S. C. 

 Thompson, includes the inspection of butter, assistance in the man- 

 agement of creameries and other dairy manufacturing enterprises, 

 and the study of processes and products from the commercial stand- 

 point. 



MARKET INSPECTION OF BUTTER, 



The market inspection of butter has been continued, 2,723 inspec- 

 tions having been made at Chicago, 2,505 at New York, and 126 at 

 San Francisco, a total of 5,354. This is an increase of about 75 per 

 cent over the previous year, which indicates that the work is regarded 

 with increasing favor by the trade. This inspection is made at the 

 request of the dealer or the producer, and defects in the butter are 

 pointed out and suggestions made for remedying them. 



CREAMERY MANAGEMENT. 



Field men located in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, California, and 

 Texas have given assistance to creameries with a view to improving 

 their efficiency. One thousand three hundred creameries have made 

 reports to the Dairy Division, showing amount of butter fat received, 

 amount of butter made, prices received for butter, and prices paid to 

 the farmers for butter fat. In this way a large number of defects in 

 creamery operation are detected and corrected, either by correspond- 

 ence or by personal attention of the field men. During the year 74 

 creameries received personal attention from the field men. 



A large quantity of low-grade butter is still being produced, as is 

 indicated by the reports of market inspectors. Of 2,161 shipments 

 of butter from Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa, only 277, or about 



