722 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



dne was added to the concrete to the nniount of ISJ per cent by weight of the 

 cement. 



In the last section, lO^X) feet long, a fonrth brand of Portland cement was 

 used with the same cul-hack oil as in the preceding section. 



In reviewing this work in January, 1!)11, the division lines between each day's 

 work were jdalnly apparent. Moreover, some cracks were visible and several 

 cup-shaped depressions were noticed. 



For this work eomnion labor cost $1.85 per nine-hour day; superintendent and 

 foreman, .$(5; double teams, $4; concrete mixer, .$.*');") per week; sand, ^I.IS per 

 cubic yard at the mixer; broken stone, $1.50 per cubic yard; and the cement is 

 figured at $1.32 per barrel delivered. The costs per square yai'd were as fol- 

 lows: Section No. 1, 89.33 cents; section No. 2, 85.28 cents; section No. 3, 101.7 

 cents; and section No. 4, 101.7 cents.* 



MACADAM EOADS. 



Rerea, Ky. — Chestnut Street, running west from the post office, was graded 

 for 1,180 feet, 30 feet wide, and surfaced with stone. Work was begun on Sep- 

 teniber 24, 1910, and completed on December 20, 1010. 



Two thousand seven hundred and seventy-two cubic yards of earth were ex- 

 cavated at a cost of 34.4 cents jjcr cubic yard and the grade was reduced frnm 

 5 per cent to 3.8 per cent. Two center drains of 4-inch vitrified tile, 180 and 3(j0 

 feet in length, respectively, were constructed in order to drain the heavy yellow 

 clay subsoil on which the road was built. The pi[)es were laid in crushed stone 

 and the ends were turned into the ditches. In breaking up the old roadway, a 

 traction engine with a rooter plow was used in some places. On a portion of 

 the road, covering an extent of 1,GSG square yards, the yellow clay subsoil was 

 removed and a sub-base course of field stone, varying in depth from 15 inches 

 to 6 inches, was laid in place. This treatment effectually prevented any further 

 trouble with the subgrade. The macadam was placed in two courses. The first 

 course was 4 inches thick, varying in size from 3 inches to 1 inch, and was com- 

 pacted under a 15-ton steam roller to a depth of 3 inches. The second course, 4 

 inches in depth, varied in size from 2 inches to 1 inch, and was rolled until it 

 was 3 inches deep, thus making a total depth of 6 inches of compacted macadam 

 surface with a crown of three-fourths inch td the foot. The widening of the 

 macadam from 14 to 30 feet commenced on November 22, 1010, but no steam 

 roller was available to comjilete this part of the surfacing properly. The vari- 

 ous cost data in this work were as follows: Two thousand and fourteen square 

 yards of finished macadam surface costing, for stone on the siding, 97. G cents 

 per (!ubic yard; for hauling, 37.2 cents per cubic yard; for spreading, 1.3.2 cents 

 per cubic yard; and for sprinkling and rulllag. 3.1 cents per square yard. The 

 unrolled surface of the road amounted to 2,097 square yards additional. The 

 binder for this portion was not placed on the road, but 120 cubic yards were 

 left in piles by the side of the road, together with 40 cubic yards of crushed 

 stone for maintenance, which brouglit the total amount of stone purchased up to 

 1,195 cubic yards. The average haul for stone, from the car to the road, was 

 one-half mile. The first-course stone was limestone field stone for which the 

 railroad haul was 19 miles. The surfacing stone was dolomite and limestone, 

 hauled 27 miles by rail from the Sparks County quarry. The stone used in the 

 sub-base was field stone and stone from the excavated roadbed. A total of 271.2 

 cubic yards of field stone was purchased for this purpose, at a cost of 97.9 cents 

 per cubic yard. In all. 4,111 square yards of surfacing were laid at a cost of 

 91.5 cents per square yard, making the total cost of the road to the community 

 $3,703.51, which is at the rate of $1G,840 per mile. These costs are based on 

 labor at $1.25 per day, teams at $3, and fuel at $2.40 per ton. 



Falls City, Nebr. — The road improved at Falls City was the Barada Road 

 rimning north toward Barada. Work commenced on November 30, 1910. but 

 was suspended from December 3, 1910, until May 22, l9ll, and the road was 

 entirely completed July 5, 1911. The road runs through level country with a 

 waxy guml)o subsoil and is 1,818 feet long. A width of 15 feet was surfaced 

 with limestone on a gravel foundation to a depth varying from 7 to 8 inches 

 when loose and with a compacted thickness varying from 4i to 6^ inches, and 

 the crown was finished three-fourths inch to the foot. The limestone was 



* For further uocaila on this work, see OflSce of Public Roads Circular No. 94. 



