726 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



spioMdiiiK the f,'"!ivi'l by band was 3.0 coiits per ton. Otlicr cost Items of this 

 road utM-c as follows: Cenural oxpensos, $10, and foroman, $(ir).r)r). 



Tbe total cost of tbe road to tbo conunnnity was .$t>42.So, wbicli is at tbo rate 

 of l\-.Ct cents per square yard, or $3,375 jier mile. TLis is based on a labor cost 

 of $Lr)0 per 10-bour day and teams at $3.50 per day. The work comprised 1,GG7 

 square yards. 



BAND-CLAY ROADS. 



Mobile, Ala. — The work bere consisted in {rradiiip and building a sand-clay 

 surface on Ibe Lott lioad, running nortbwest from ^lobile toward Georgetown. 

 The. surrounding country is hilly. The construction commenced on March 15, 

 1911. and was ciimpleted on April 1, 1911. 



The grade was reduced from a maximum of 6 per cent to 4. Two thousand 

 four hundred and fifty feet were graded to a width of 28 feet in the cuts and 

 20 feet in the fills. The work required 3G0 cubic yards of excavation, which 

 cost, with an average haul of 200 feet, 3S.8 cents per cubic 5'ard, or a total of 

 $130.84. Four pii)e culverts were built at a total cost of $70..5n. 



The surface material was a heavy, sandy clay, and was applied 10 feet wide, 

 with 1-foot shoulders, and inches deep, with a crown of one-half inch to the 

 foot. A split-log drag was the only machine used in finishing the road. The 

 clay was hauled approximately a quarter of a mile. It had low binding value, 

 but good wearing qualities. The cost of hauling, including loading, was 43.3 

 cents per cubic yard, and the cost of spreading. 5.9 cents per cubic yard, making 

 a total of $349.11 for placing 708.5 cubic yards. The cost of shaping the sub- 

 grade was $32, which was 0.7 cent per square yard for the portion which re- 

 quired shaping. For a distance of 550 feet no treatment was required, except 

 patching the depressions. The s'lrface was hard, sandy soil. The total length 

 surfaced was 3,000 feet. The total cost to the community was .'?593.01, which 

 is 11.1 cents per square yard, or $1,042 per mile. Labor for a 9-hour day cost 

 $1.50. and teams with a driver, $4. The work comprised 5,342 square yards. 



Vernon, Fla. — Work was begun on August 4, 1910, on the sand-clay road 

 running northeast from Vernon toward Chipley and was finished on Se[iteinher 

 2. 1910. The road runs through rolling country with a sandy top soil underlaid 

 with clay. One mile of road was graded to a width of 30 feet, and the first 

 1.700 feet surfaced 30 feet wide, while the remainder of the road was surfaced to 

 a width of IG feet. 



The earth excavation was done with plow and picks and handled, with drag 

 and wiieel-scrapers. Twenty-four hundred cubic yards were excavated, with au 

 average haul of 200 feet, at a total cost of $3G2.15, or 15 cents per cubic yard. 

 The grade was reduced from a maximum of 6 per cent to 2A. Deep fills were 

 irade in layers about 1 foot in thickness, which tended to avoid the settling 

 incidental to the use of scrapers. One 4-horse grader borrowed from the 

 town of Chipley was also available for the work. Shaping the subgrade was 

 partly included in the cost of excavation, but in addition $43.12 was expended. 

 Three cypress culverts were built, two of which were log culverts 35 feet long 

 and cost .$.34.50. The third culvert was a box culvert 10 inches by 24 inches by 

 35 feet, in which 200 feet b. m. of sawed cypress were used with a total cost 

 of $7. Eight hundred and fifty-six cubic yards of clay were applied to a depth 

 of G inches and were mixed with the sandy subgrade and compacted by the 

 traffic to a depth of 4 inches. The road was shaped with a crown varying 

 from li inches to 1 inch to the foot. 



The total cost of this road to the community was $8G0.2G. which is at the 

 rate of 7.1 cents per square yard or $8G0 per mile. These figures were based 

 on labor at the rate of $1.50 per 10-hour day, teams without drivers at $2 

 per day, and foreman's wages, $3 per day. The work comprised 12.031 square 

 yards. 



Chalybeate Springs, Ga. — This work consisted in grading and surfacing 

 with sand and clay 2,100 feet of the Manchester Road, which runs through the 

 hilly land west from Chalybeate Springs. Two hundred feet additional were 

 also graded. Construction commenced on July 22, 1910, and was completed on 

 August 19, 1910. 



One thousand seven hundred and fifty-two cubic yards of excavation were 

 required, which reduced the grade from 10 to 7.14 per cent. The cost of ex- 

 cavation was 8.8 cents per cubic yard, with an average haul of 350 feer. The 

 subsoil is mostly red and mica clay. The work was done with a plow, six wheel 

 scrapers, and a road machine. 



