OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROADS. 733 



harrow. Two galvaaized-iron pipe culverts were installed, one 18 inches in 

 diameter and 33 feet in length, costing $43.65, and one 20 inches in diameter, 

 33 feet long, costing $48.60. The end walls were made of brick, laid in cement 

 mortar, and cost $6.70. Shaping the subgrade cost $69.93. In surfacing this 

 road 1,630 cubic yards of clay, which were obtained from a pit one-half mile 

 distant, were used. The costs of this clay were as follows: Stripping the pit, 

 13.5 cents per cubic yard ; loading, 7.8 cents per cubic yard ; hauling, 12.4 cents 

 per cubic yard; and spreading, 1.4 cents per cubic yard. To obtain the sand- 

 clay mixture, sand costing $17.11 was applied. Harrowing and dragging the 

 road and trimming the shoulders cost $53.25. The road was graded 30 feet 

 in width and the surfacing material was applied to a width of 20 feet, with a 

 depth of 9 inches, which compacted to 6 inches. Digging an outlet ditch also 

 cost $6.93. 



The cost of this road is based on prison labor at 50 cents per day of 9 hours ; 

 guards, $1; superintendent, $2.20; and teams, $1 per day, making a total cost 

 of $1,200.07 to the community, which is at the rate of 10.28 cents per square 

 yard, or $1,206 per mile. The work comprised 11,733 square yards. 



Center, Tex. — An extension 2,300 feet long, from the gravel road running 

 east toward Shelbyville, was built with sand-clay construction, 30 feet wide. 

 Work on this road lasted from July 8, 1910, to September 10, 1910. The road 

 runs through a rolling country with an alternate sand and clay soil. The work 

 required 1,225 cubic yards of earth exc; vation, which cost, with an average 

 haul of 100 feet, 15 cents per cubic yard, and reduced the maximum grade from 

 4 to 3 per cent. A road machine was used one day at a cost of $4.20. 



Two corrugated-iron pipe culverts were constructed. For one culvert, two of 

 these pipes, 24 inches by 48 feet, were used, costing $1 per linear foot; while for 

 the other culvert, pipe 15 inches by 48 feet was used, and cost 00 cents per 

 linear foot. The clay for the sand-clay surface was hauled 1,000 feet. It was 

 loaded with shovels on wagons carrying 1 cubic yard, at a cost of 8.8 cents 

 per cubic yard, while the hauling cost 14.4 cents per cubic yard. At the road, 

 spreading cost 1.4 cents per cubic yard. Over portions of the clay a layer of 

 sand 2 inches thick was applied, at a cost of 7 cents per cubic yard, in place. 

 The compacted surfacing varied from 8 inches to 5 inches in depth and was 

 given a crown of three-fourths of an inch to the foot. The cost of the service 

 of a foreman was $65.55, while shaping the subgrade amounted to $4.20. 



The total cost of this road to the community was $798.58, making a cost per 

 square yard of surface, exclusive of culverts, of 8.7 cents, which is at the rate 

 $1,530 per mile. This is based on labor at the rate of $1.50 per 10-hour day, 

 teams at $3.50, and foreman at $3 per day. The work comprised 7,667 square 

 yards. 



Livingston, Tex. — The work at Livingston, Tex., was begun on October 24, 

 1910, and completed on November 3, 1910. It consisted in grading a total length 

 of 2,200 feet, 24 feet wide, and in preparing 1,100 feet, 12 feet wide, and sur- 

 facing the same with sand-clay construction. As the soil here consisted of sand 

 for the first 11 inches and then clay for the next 11 inches, the required sur- 

 facing material was secured near by. One hundred and eighty-four cubic yards 

 of excavation were required, at 20 cents per cubic yard. The maximum cut was 

 3 feet, and the old maximum grade of 3 per cent was not changed. The average 

 haul for the excavation was 1.000 feet. The work was done with six road plows 

 and four No. 2 slip scrapers, besides the wagons for hauling. The cost of load- 

 ing the surfacing material was 8.4 cents per cubic yard; hauling, 22.4 cents per 

 cubic yard; and spreading, 2 cents per cubic yard. This material was deposited 

 to a depth varying from 9 to 12 inches and compacted to a depth of from 6 to 

 9 inches by the traffic. The road was given a crown of Ihree-fourths inch 

 to the foot. A total of 500 cubic yards of surface material was used. One road 

 machine was available for this work, and the total cost of the road to the com- 

 munity was $227.15. The rate per square yard for the clay surface was 15 

 cents, iiud the rate per mile $1,199. These figures were based on a labor cost 

 of $1.50 per 10-hour day and $3.50 for teams. The work comprised 1,467 

 square yards. 



Rockdale, Tex. — Work began here on July 25, 1910, and was stopped on 

 August 2. 1910. The road was a sand-clay road, on which $207 had been ex- 

 pended at the time that work was stopped on account of the scarcity of teams. 

 Two thousand one hundred feet of road were rough-graded and surfaced with 

 clay, with the exception of the final 300 feet. The claj' was obtained from a pit 

 with an average haul of one-fourth of a mile. Figuring the clay surface as 



