734 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



18 feet ill \nI(1(1i, (lie cost of the road Wiis H.TS cents per square yard, or at the 

 rate of $(>07.'J(i per ndle. The total cost of the road to the coiniminity was $207. 

 The cost of labor on this work was .$l.r»0 per 10-hoiir day: foreman. .$.'{. r>0 per 

 day; while the leanis were furnished free, wilh drivers, by the neighboring 

 farmers. The woiM< comprised 3,G00 square yards. 



EARTH AND BAND-CLAY ROAD. 



MiLFORD, Del. — Work on the Milford Road, running northwest toward Fred- 

 erica, was begun on July 28, 1010, and comjileted on August 19. 1010. The road 

 runs through level country and the soil was pailly sand and partly clay. The 

 work consisted In grading 6,600 feet, 30 feet wide, and surfacing with sand-clay 

 mixture. 30 feet wide, for 6.600 feet and 12 feet wide for an additional 1,400 

 feet. The 12-foot surfacing was finislKxl with O-foot shoulders. The construc- 

 tion thus required the treatment of two sections. The first section was 

 rounded up with a grader machine aTid traction engine, taking the earth from 

 the ditches. On the second section a sand-clay road was built as follows: 

 Clay was placed upon the old roadbed 8 inches thick and upon this was laid 

 a layer of sand 3 inches thick. After mixing the whole, 4 inches more of 

 sand were added and mixed in by means of a spring-tooth harrow. The .sand 

 and clay were obtained from pits and hauled an average of 2 miles by teams at 

 a cost of 46.3 cents per cubic yard. Spreading this material cost •*.2 cents 

 per cubic 3-ard and loading it cost 12 cents per cubic yard. Both sections fol- 

 lowed the profile of the old road. The crown of the finished surface was 

 made three-fourths inch to the foot. The total amount of clay and sand 

 hauled from the pits was 4S6.5 cubic yards. The tot;il amount graded up 

 from the sides was 1,041 cubic yards, and this part of the work co.st $70.63. 

 Other items of cost were: Dragging the entire road, $12.48; cutting away 

 weetls, $10.25; excavation other than by grader, $35.72; incidentals, $16.20; and 

 labor for surveying, $22.55. The total cost of the road to the community was 

 $472.78. The rate per square yard for the first section was 0.46 cent; the 

 same rate for the second section was 19.7 cents, or $83.54 per mile for the 

 machine-graded section and $1,389 per mile for the sand-clay road. This cost 

 is based upon labor at $1.25 for a 10-hour day and teams at $3 per day. The 

 work comprised 2,200 square yards for the first section and 1,866 square yards 

 for the second. 



EARTH ROADS. 



Marianna, Ark. — Work was commenced at Marianna on October 24, 1910, 

 on 3,500 feet of the Moro Koad, running west toward Moro, and was completed 

 on January 18, 1911. Two thousand cubic yards of earth were moved by means 

 of small tools, plows, slips, wagon, and a grader, at a cost of $581.25. A total 

 of 3,300 feet of this road was finished 30 feet wide and 200 feet were finished 

 with a width of from 20 to 12 feet. The binding quality of the soil was not the 

 best, but the condition of the surface can be maintained by use of a drag and 

 wide tires. Two corrugated-iron pipe culverts were required, the first of two 

 18-inch corru.gated-iron pipes 20 feet long, and the second of two 24-lnch corru- 

 gated-iron pipes 20 feet long. The total cost of these pipes was $100; the labor 

 for placing them. $12.65; and the second culvert was finished with concrete end 

 walls which cost $31. The county built a bridge over the Caves Hill Branch, 

 which was let for a contract price of $242. Tlie construction was concrete abut- 

 ments with steel " I "-beams and 2-inch plank flooring. Other items of exi)ense 

 in this work were as follows: Livery and services of a roadman, $37; and the 

 Alabama IJoad drainage ditch. $168, one-third of which was borne by the county 

 of Lee and two-thirds by the property owners. 



The total cost of this road to the community was, therefore, $1,171.90, which 

 is at the rate of 10.2 cents per square yard or $1,802 per mile, computed on the 

 basis of a 30-foot widlh. The labor on this road was done partly by prisoners, 

 but the cost is figured on a basis of $1 per 8-hour day for the county work and 

 $1.35 for the city work. The corresponding cost of teams was $3 and $3.50 

 per day. The work comprised 11,444 square yards. 



Missoula, Mont. — A mile of the Frenchtown Road, running west from the 

 city, was graded and given a crown of 1 inch to the foot. The work was 

 commenced on July 6, 1910, and was finished on July 9, 1910. This work was 

 for tbe purpose of demonstrating the correct method of obtaining the shape of 

 an earth road running through level prairie land with adjacent rolling country. 

 The road was graded to a width of 30 feet, and 1,175 cubic yards of sandy loam 



