348 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



orfjiinization of a Forest consists of a supervisor, a deputy supervisor, 

 a forest clerk, and a group of ranj^jors. Tli','! need of the deputy super- 

 visor is to enable constant Hold suj^ervision of the ransj^ers and of their 

 work. An ellicient clerk is frequently able to handle the bulk of the 

 routine ofHce business, so that often the supervisor and deputy super- 

 visor can be in the field at the same time. The effort is to reduce to 

 a minimum the office routine which must bo handled b}'' the forest 

 officers themselves in order tJiat their time may be spent in directing 

 the details of the business of the Forest. Where the work requires 

 it, a forest assistant is assigned to the supervisor's office to assist him 

 in miscellaneous lines of technical work and in such experimental and 

 scientific studies as may be conducted on the Forest. In general, 

 there is a group of permanent rangers on each Forest employed during 

 the entire year. The force of rangers is kept down to the smallest 

 number compatible with a permanent organization. During the 

 summer additional rangers are appointed for from three to six months 

 of service. The latter are recruited from the civil-service register, as 

 in the case of the permanent rangers. Temporary forest guards are 

 also appointed durmg the summer for fire patrol, the construction of 

 trails, and other temporary work. 



A systematic plan has been introduced to bring about the most 

 effective distribution of the rangers' time. A detailed cost-keeping 

 plan has been put into effect, and the forest officers are developing 

 plans on each Forest to make the rangers' work more effective. 

 Already excellent results are being obtained, for the rangers as well as 

 the higher officers have undertaken the problem with enthusiasm. 



The following table shows the classification of the Forest force, 

 including field men temporarily assigned to the district offices, on 

 June 30, 1911: 



Supervisors ]51 



Deputy supervisors 100 



Rangers 1, 424 



Guards 526 



Forest examiners and forest assistants 129 



Timber and mining experts, engineers, land examiners, hunters, etc 112 



Clerks 182 



Total 2,624 



To facilitate administration a number of Forests were divided into 

 smaller units. Four new units were created by the partition of 

 existing Forests upon which the amount of business has increased to 

 such an extent as to necessitate a reduction in the area, with small 

 additions of territory which has been found to be more valuable for for- 

 est purposes than for other use. These new units are the Tusayan, in 

 Arizona, which comprises a portion of the Coconino Forest and 74,356 

 acres of newly added territory; the Kern, in California, which is made 

 up of a portion of the Sequoia Forest and 12,663 acres of new territory ; 

 the Eldorado, in Cahfornia and Nevada, which comprises a portion of 

 the Tahoe Forest, together with 31,710 acres of new territory; and 

 the Palisade, in Idaho and Wyoming, formerly a part of the Targhee 

 Forest. The San lyuis Forest, in Cahfornia, was merged with the Santa 

 Barbara Forest, following a large ehmination which reduced its area to 

 such an extent as not to warrant separate administration. The San 

 Juan Forest, in Colorado, the Black Hills Forest, in South Dakota, and 

 the Chelan Forest, in Washington, were administered in two separate 



