88 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



addition to the manufacture of 425,084 pounds of butter, 139,585 

 pounds of cottage cheese was made, 1,504,025 pounds of milk was 

 condensed, and 5,441 pounds of casein manufactured. 



CONSERVING AND UTILIZING DAIRY BY-PRODUCTS. 



Present conditions demand the conservation of all agricultural 

 products, especially those that can be used as human food. A cam- 

 paign is therefore being conducted to eliminate waste of dairy prod- 

 ucts and for converting dairy by-products into nutritious and p)ala- 

 table food. Special emphasis has been placed upon the home produc- 

 tion of cottage cheese from skim milk and its commercial production 

 from buttermilk and skim milk. Several publications on the prepara- 

 tion and utilization of cottage cheese were issued and distributed. 



Methods of making cottage cheese have been demonstrated in 

 creameries and milk plants and before county and State agricultural 

 agents, home-economic specialists, women's clubs, and various other 

 organizations. This work has resulted in the saving of much that 

 normally would have been wasted and has caused large quantities 

 of dairy by-products to be converted into human food. For example, 

 one creamery in New York State is condensing daily 25,000 pounds 

 of skim milk, much of which formerly was run into the sewer, and 

 several creameries now make their entire supply of skim milk into 

 cottage cheese. 



INSPECTION OF BUTTER FOB THE NAVY. 



Supervision was given in 1916 to the manufacture of 700.000 

 pounds of high-grade butter for the Navy, which upon inspection 

 nine months later had deteriorated only one point. Tinned butter 

 packed for the Navy nearly three years before was in good condition 

 when examined last winter. This well emphasizes what can be 

 accomplished with high-quality cream and careful methods of 

 manufacture. 



INSPECTION OF RENOVATED BUTTER FACTORIES. 



The 23 factories that hold licenses to manufacture renovated butter 

 were inspected regularly during the year. From them a total of 

 27,542,015 pounds of the renovated product was turned out, of which 

 635,038 pounds was exported. On the whole, packing stock was 

 better handled by middlemen, which resulted in a slight improve- 

 ment in the quality. 



MARKET MILK INVESTIGATIONS. 



DAIRY SANITATION. 



In endeavoring to improve the quality of milk delivered to cities 

 and towns, assistance has been rendered to local health authorities 

 in determining conditions and by suggesting remedies. Particular 

 attention is given to methods of inspection and at all times the work 

 is made educational. Only such changes are recommended for dairies 

 as are practicable and can be carried out with the minimum of ex- 

 pense. Such work has improved the conditions under which milk is 

 produced for many cities, as is well illustrated by a city in Minnesota. 



