270 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



BREAKING UP OF THE HOT WAVE OF JULY, 1911. 



During; the early part of July and for soine time previous the 

 weather had been unusually warm over the eastern half of the coun- 

 try. The breakin<i: up of this heated period was indicated in the 

 following bulletin, issued July 12: 



For a prolonged period the barometric pressure has been above normal over 

 the Atlantic Ocean and low over the northwestern portion of the American 

 continent. The intornational vpeather map of Wednesday showed a reversal 

 of this pressure distribution— an extensive area of high barometric pressure 

 appearing over Alaska, while the pressure over the middle latitudes of the 

 Atlantic Ocean has fallen to below normal. This changed pressure distribu- 

 tion is strongly indicative of the dissipation of the warm weather over tlie 

 Eastern States and the Middle Y^'est in the immediate future and the beginning 

 of a pei'iod of moderate temperature in those districts lasting through the re- 

 mainder of this and continuing into next week. 



The cool weather announced in the bulletin overspread all parts 

 of the country east of the Kocky Mountains on July 13 and 14, and 

 on the night of the IGth light frosts formed in the cranberry marshes 

 of Wisconsin. The following editorial comments on this forecast 

 are extracted from the daily press: 



Hannibal (Mo.) Courier-Post: 



That the theory of meteorologists as to the immediate cause of the long- 

 continued heat in this country is correct is demonstrated by results. They 

 claimed that an extensive area of high barometric pressure had prevailed over 

 the Atlantic since June 13 and that its effect was to interfere with the usual 

 eastward movement of waves of temperature, damming up the heat, as it were. 

 About July 8 this wall disappeared and the effects were soon manifested. 

 The heat wave moved eastward and cool currents followed. 



St. Louis (Mo.) Globe-Democrat: 



It has been six days since the head of the Government Weather Bureau 

 predicted the end of the long heat wave. His prediction has been so signally 

 vindicated this time that it is worthy of special note, for great are the respon- 

 sibilities and numerous the unavoidable embarrassments of the Weather 

 Bureau, chiefly because human knowledge of the elements is still elementary 

 compared to what we may expect it to be at the end of the next 100 years. 

 On July 12 Chief Willis Jj. Moore said (quoting the forecast before given) : 

 " This," said the weather chief, " would bring a long-continued cool spell." 

 The spell is here, and has been since Saturday last. 



AUGUST, 1911, HURRICANE ALONG THE GEORGIA-NORTH CAROLINA COASTS. 



A storm of small diameter and hurricane intensity passed inland 

 from the south Atlantic Ocean slightly norih of Savannah, Ga., 

 about 8 a. m. August 28. On the morning of the 27th advices were 

 sent to Savannah and Charleston as follows : 



Advise caution locally until further advices. Indications of a disturbance 

 approaching coast. 



Storm warnings were ordered for the two stations mentioned at 

 10.55 a. m. of the 27th, and the following message was sent them at 

 3.30 p. m. of that date: 



Hoist hurricane warnings 3.45 p. m. Storm still apparently off South Caro- 

 lina and Georgia coasts; intensity unknown. May develop hurricane force. 

 Advise all interests to take necessary precautions. 



Shipping interests along the entire coast were fully advised. The 

 storm was not so destructive at Savannah as at Charleston, although 



