OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROADS. 853 



fill 15 feet. Two wooden culverts, one 18 inches by 18 inches and the other 2 

 feet 7 inches by 2 foet 3.5 inches, and both 22 feet loiiK. were built of of 3-inch 

 and 4-inch plank. The larger culvert was braced with 2-inch by 4-inch posts 

 driven 3 feet into the ground. 



A wooden pile bridge was built at one end of the street. The piles were 10 

 inches square and were driven 11 feet. The bridge was 33 feet long by 19.5 

 feet wide and 14 feet h:gh. 



The average haul for excavation was 500 feet, the maximum 1,400 feet, and 

 the average haul for surfacing material 1 mile. A total of 4,300 cubic yards 

 of earth was movetl, and 1,040 cubic yards of surfacing material was used. 

 The pyrites was spread to a depth of 5 inches, and the gravel to a depth of 6 

 inches. The rolling was done with a reversible roller, and the crown was made 

 1 inch to the foot. At from $2.50 to $3 for foremen, $1.35 for subforemeu, $1.25 

 for labor, and from $3 to $4 for teams per day, the total cost of the work was 

 $2,308.24. The principal items were $1,315.37 for excavation and embankment, 

 $110.51 for subgrading, $100.0!) for trimming the shoulders, $507.12 for surfac- 

 ing, $37.!JO for rodman and tools, $30.73 for the right of way work, $80.12 for 

 the bridge, $9.32 for the culverts, $12.21 for the outlet ditches, and $32.85 for 

 miscellaneous items. 



The tools bought for this work were afterwards taken by the city, and all of 

 the material and 25 per cent of the cost of the road was donated, but the cost 

 per square yard surfaced, calculated from the actual cost of the work, would be 

 $0,403, and the rate per mile $3,553.44. 



Gainesville, Tex. — A gravel surface 3,000 feet in length was built with a red 

 clay binder at Gainesville, on the Denton Koad, between Gainesville and Denton. 

 The work was started on June 19, 1912, and completed on July 15, 1912. The 

 average cut was 0.5 foot, and the average fill 1.5 feet. The grading was done 

 with a road grader and slip scrapers. The maximum grade was 2 per cent. 

 One 12-inch currugated metal culvert 28.5 feet long was laid with concrete end 

 walls, each 4 feet by 1.5 feet by 1.25 feet. A 3-t()n concrete roller and a tooth 

 harrow were used in surfacing. The average haul for excavation was 200 feet, 

 and the distance from the gravel pit was S mile. The total width graded was 40 

 feet, and the area was 13,333 square yards. The whole length of the road was 

 surfaced 10 feet wide, making an area of 5,333 square yards. The compacted 

 depth of the bottom course was 5 inches, and of the top course 2 inches, rhe 

 material of the bottom course varied from i inch to 2 inches, and the top 

 course from I inch to 1 inch. The crown was made f inch to the foot. The 

 excavation amounted to 296 cubic yards, and the gravel to 1,087 cubic yards. 



The total cost was $474.47, the cost i«r square yard of area surfaced .$0,080, 

 and the rate per mile was $835.08. Labor cost $1.50 per day; hired teams, $2 

 per day ; and county teams, $1 per day. 



GEAVEL-CLAY ROADS. 



Memphis, Tex. — Work on the river road north from Memphis toward the 

 county line was started on August 29, 1911, and completed on September 11, 

 1911. 



The grading was done with plows, grader, wagons, and drag and fresno 

 scrapers. The maximum cut was 2 feet, the maximum fill li feet, and the maxi- 

 mum grade of 5 per cent was reduced to 3 per cent. 



The natural soil is sandy. The average haul was 150 feet and the maximum 

 haul 500 feet. 1'lie distance from the gravel pit was 1,4(X) feet. Gravel was 

 used for the foundatiDU and was covered with 2 inches of clay for surfacing. 

 The total length graded to a width of 30 feet was 1,800 feet. The road was 

 surfaced 10 feet wide for the same distance, and the total area surfaced was 

 3,200 square yards. The bottom course of gravel was spread 13 inches in 

 dei)th and the top course of clay 2 inches in depth, making a total depth when 

 compacted of 12 inches. The largest gravel was not over 1} inches in diameter. 

 The crown of the surface was made i inch to the foot. The total earth ex- 

 cavation was 490 cubic yards, and the total amount of surfacing material was 

 1,155 cubic yards. 



The cost of the road t(j tlie connnunity was $561.08; the cost per squa'-e yard. 

 $0.17i; i"i»d the rate i)er mile. $1,650. Labor cost $1.50 per day and te.inis $3 

 per day. The i)rincii)al items of cost were earth excavation, at $0.10 iK?r cubic 

 y.ird, $77.35; foreman, $27.50; plowing and loading the surfacing material. 

 $230.88; teaming from the gravel pit to the road, $201.75; and spreading, $23.60. 



