854 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



SAND-CLAY BOADS. 



Demopous, Ai.a. — Work wns stnrted on the Springliill Roiid south from 

 Keese's Lane towjird Linden on Miiy IS, Ittll, and completed on July 20. 1911. 

 The length was 4.4l)0 feet, the width of sand-clay surface IG feet, and the width 

 from ditch to ditch 24 feet. The crown was made IJ inches to the foot. The 

 natural soil for l.MOO foot was a sand-clay mixture, for the next S()0 feet sand, 

 and for the remaininj^ distance of 2.'M)0 foot clay. The surface was i)lowed, 

 moved with a slip scrapor, and spread with shovels. The average cut was li 

 ftH?t and the average (ill 1 foot. The total area graded was 11,733 square 

 yards, amounting to 2,1!)0 cubic yards of excavation. The maximum grade of 

 8 per cent was roducod to 4.5 percent. The average haul for excavated material 

 was oOO feet and for surfacing material from pit 2.G00 feet. Both slat-bottom 

 and dump wagons were used. The sand was fine grained, and spreading was 

 done by shoveling from the wagons. Two IS-inch vitrified pipe culverts, each 

 27.5 feet long, were laid with cemented joints and brick end walls. End walls 

 were also built on a 24-inch vitrified pipe culvert previously laid, making the 

 total masonry yardage 3.0. The surface was shaped with a road machine. 

 Isine hundred and seventy cubic yards of surfacing material was spread from 

 to 9 inches in depth on a subgrade of 7,.S22 square yards. 



.The total cost of the work was $1,060.05; the cost per square yard, $0.09; and 

 the rate per mile, $1,275. The foreman was paid $0.20 per hour, men $0.10 per 

 hour, and the teams $0.35 per hour. 



MoNTiCELLO, Fla. — The work on the Ashville Road eastward from Monticello 

 toward >radison was started on August 21, 1911, and completed on October 14, 

 1911. The country is hilly, with a natural soil of sand and clay. The sand is 

 usually found in the bottom lands and the clay half way up the hill slopes 

 or in ridges across the road. One culvert, 14 inches by 20 inches by 30 feet 

 long, was built of cypress. 



The outfit used consisted of a grading machine, 4 plows, 9 wheel scrapers, 

 4 wagons, 23 mules, and various hand tools. The average haul for excavation 

 was 275 feet and the maximum, 400 feet. The foundation was made of sandy 

 clay and surfaced with a natural mixture of sand and clay having good wear- 

 ing qualities. The spreading was done with hoes and finished witli the grader. 



The total length graded was 9.990 feet: the width was 30 feet in cuts and 

 24 feet in fills; and the area graded, 27,931 square yards. The length surfaced 

 was 8,1.50 feet and the width IG feet, making an area of 14.489 square yards. 

 The finished roadway was from 20 feet to 30 feet wide. The depth of surfacing 

 material when compacted was 6 inches, and the crown f inch to the foot. 



Earth excavation amounted to 5,2G0 cubic yards and the surfacing material 

 is included in this amount. 



The total cost of the road to the community was $1,398.97; the cost per 

 square yard. $0.096G; and the rate per mile, .$906.33. Labor cost $1 per day, 

 and teams without driver, $2.50 per day. The principal items of cost were 

 excavation. $1,016.38; shaping the subgrade, $263.61; loading and hauling the 

 surfacing material, $69.48; spreading the surfacing material, $14.30; and mov- 

 ing the camp and incidental expenses, $27.70. 



Palatka, Fla. — Two sections of sand-clay demonstration road were built 

 at Palatka. Section 1. called the Palatka-Ha stings Road, running north from 

 East Palatka toward Jacksonville, was started on February 15, 1912, and com- 

 pleted on February 17, 1912. The work consisted of reshaping the surface, 

 covering it with sand and clay, and thoroughly mixing these materials. The 

 adjacent land is level, the natural soil black loamy sand, and the grade of the 

 road 0.4 per cent. Slat-bottom wagons were used in hauling sand 5 mile and 

 clay i mile. The sand is fine grained, and the clay has good binding proper- 

 ties. The total length graded was 500 feet, the width 16 feet, and the area 

 889 square yards. The length surfaced was 500 feet, the width 8 feet, and the 

 area 444 square yards. The bottom course consisted of 4 inches of loose sand, 

 the second course 3 inches of clay, and the top course 2 inches of sand, making 

 the total compacted depth 7 inches. The crown was made 1 inch to the foot. 

 One hundred cubic yards of sand and 30 cubic yards of clay were used. The 

 total cost was $44; the cost per square yard. $0.10; and the rate per mile, $465. 

 Labor cost $1.25 per da.\ and teams $4.50 per day. 



Section 2. called the Palatka-San Mateo Road, runs southward from the St. 

 John River Bridge toward East Palatka. Work was started on this section 

 on February 19, 1912, and completed on February 24, 1912. The natural soil 



