OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROADS. 859 



was 2 feet, the maximum fill 4* feet, and the maximum grade of 5J i)er cent was 

 reduced to 3 per cent. 



From station to station 21 the natural soil is sandy with a clay subsoil ; 

 from station 21 to station 32. the soil is sandy clay; from station 32 to station 

 41+50, sand; and from station 41+50 to station 58, clay loam. 



Three 12-inch corrugateil met:il culverts each 20 feet long, one IS-inch metal 

 culvert 20 feet long, one 24-inch culvert 20 feet long, and 1 double 30-inch 

 culvert 30 feet long, making 00 feet of 30-inch pipe, were laid with end and 

 wing walls. The end walls were built of brick laid in cement mortar having 

 an average thickness of 12 inches. Wing walls were built at an angle of 30° 

 with the end walls. One road machine, G wheel scrapers, 12 drag scrapers, slat- 

 bottom wagons, plows, and small tools formal the eipiipment. 



The average haul for excavation was 250 feet and the maximum 80(^ feet. 

 The average haul from the clay pit was 1,150 feet and from the sand pit 2,400 

 feet. 



The foundation of tlie road was made with sandy loam and the surface with 

 a sand-clay mixture containing an excess of clay with fairly good bijuling cpiali- 

 ties. The clay and sand were loosene<l with a rooter plow and loadetl into 

 wheel scrapei-.s. The material was then hauled 700 feet, dumped, reloaded with 

 shovels into carts, and hauled the remaining distance to the road. The surfac- 

 ing material was spread with shovels. 



The total length graded was 5,S00 feet, the width 24 feet, and the area 15,467 

 square yards. The length surfaced was 4.150 feet. The width of surfacing was 

 10 feet and the area of surfacing 7,377 square yards. The finished roadway 

 was made 20 feet wide. The depth of clay was 8 inches and of sand 1 inch. 

 The crown of the road was made 1 inch to the foot. The amount of earth exca- 

 vation was 3.S20 cubic yards, the amount of clay for surfacing 1,630 cubic yards, 

 and of sand 210 cubic yards. 



Eight thousand bricks and 61 bags of cement were used in building the end 

 walls. Fifty pounds of dynamite, 100 feet of fuse, and 100 caps were used in 

 clearing and grubbing 1.8 acres. The bricks cost $9.50 per thousand and cement 

 ?0.()3 per b.ig. 



The total cost of the road to the community was $1,754.32; the cost per square 

 yard surfaced, $0,115; and the rate per mile, $1,597.04. 



liabor per 9-hour day cost $1.50. Labor for shovelers and wheel-scraper 

 work cost $2; foremen, $3; teams for scrapers, $3.50; and teams for hauling. $3. 



The principal items of cost were as follows: Clearing and grubbing, $102.92; 

 excavation. $592.32; culvert excavation, 9i cubic yards, $3.16; hauling and lay- 

 ing i)ipes. $11.33; metal culverts, $1.30.40; end .Mnd wing walls, $219.78; loosen- 

 ing and loading clay, $179.76; hauling clay, $225.97; spreading clay, $35.93; 

 stripping the clay pit, $22; back tilling the clay pit, $45.54; loading sand, $10.75; 

 hauling Siind, $57; spreading sand, $6; and shaping the surface. $111.46. 



The working force was organized with a foreman in general charge. Local 

 labor and teams were used throughout the work. The clearing and grubbing 

 on about 2,000 feet was very heavy. 



OuANGK. Tex. — The building of n section of sand-clay road 5,120 feet long In 

 Orange, Tex., on the lower r.eaumont Road, which runs westward from Orange 

 toward Beaumont, was started on May 1, 1912, and completed on May 20, 1912. 

 Three and two-thirds days' work was lost during that time on account ef rain. 

 The top soil is black sand and silt, and the subsoil is a stratum of clay vary- 

 ing from rtMldish to gumbo colored. Below this stratum is a quicksand. The 

 su7-f;ne of the road before improvement was covereil with very tine sand. 



In certain sections the clay use<l for surfacing was taken fnnn the side 

 ditches by means of two-mule slip scrapers, after having been loosened by 

 plowing. The clay so taken amounted to 322 cubic yards. For other sections 

 of the road slat-bottom wagons were used for hauling from the clay pit. The 

 amount of clay hauled from the pit was 9S9 cubic yards. The grade of the 

 road is very flat. Two cross drains of 15-inch corrugated metal pipe had pre- 

 viously been laid at stations 13+;'.0 and 2<>+('KJ. The equipment consisted of a 

 road grader, a disk harrow, a split-log drag. 1 large plow, and 2 small plows. 

 The average haul from i)it to road was 2.777 feet. The material was spread 

 with shovels. The total length of tiic road graded was 7.870 feet, the width .36 

 feet, .'ind the area 31.47(5 scpiare yards. The length surfaced w.is 5.120 foet. the 

 width 16 feet, and the area 9.102 square yards. The depth of surfacing mate- 

 rial was 7 inches for 1,400 feel and 4J inches for the remaining 3,720 feet. The 

 crown was made } Inch to the foot. 



The total cost of road to the community was $1.010..33; the cost per square 

 yard of finished surface, $0,111; and the rate per mile, $1,041.85. 



