8G0 ANNUAL REPOltTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



EABTH BOADS. 



Mountain View, Ark. — Work was started on July 25, 1911, on the Mountain 

 View road to Sylamore. The country is very hilly and the natural soil Is clay 

 loam and rock. 



This work was done by free labor and under very unfavorable conditions on 

 account of tlio l.tck of preparation by the county authorities. The excavation 

 was loosened with picks and plows, h-.'.iled in slips, and spread with a grading 

 nmchiue and split-log drag. Hock excavation was made by hand drilling to a 

 depth of 2 or 3 feet and then churned to the required depth. Dynamite and 

 black powder were used in blasting. 



The maximum grade of 3 per cent was reduced to 2 per cent. The maximum 

 fill was 3 feet. Two culverts of dry rubble limestone and sandstone, one 2* by 

 4 feet, the other 1 foot by 2 feet, and each 12 feet long, with wood floors, were 

 built. These culverts had dry rubble retaining walls and wings. The total 

 amount of rubble was 11.3 cubic yards, and 225 feet b. m. of oak plank was 

 used for flooring. A total of 1,105 cubic yards of earth was excavated. 



Tlie road was completed on August 1, 1911. The total length graded was 

 3.000 feet, the width IG feet, and the area 5,333 square yards. The same area 

 was surfaced. The average haul was 150 feet and the maximum 300 feet. 

 The actual cost to the comnumity in cash was $127.60; but, figured on the basis 

 of labor at $1.50 per day and teams at $3 per day, the cost of the work would 

 liave been $434.25. The cost per square yard was $0.0814 and the rate per mile 

 $760.03. 



Doniphan, Mo. — The earth road running northeast from Doniphan toward 

 Poplar Block, called the "Greenville lioad," was started on July 13, 1911, and 

 completed on September 2, 1911, with 3 days' delay on account of rain. The 

 equipment consisted of 1 rock plow, 2 turning plows, 6 slip scrapers, 1 wheel 

 scraper, 1 grading machine, 1 split-log drag, and one 3i-ton roller, besides farm 

 wagons and hand tools. 



The maximum grade of 20 per cent w\as reduced to 7 per cent. The natural 

 soil from station to station 4 was clay; from station 4 to station 5, disinte- 

 grated chert; from station 5 to station 7+50, loam with clay; from station 

 7+50 to station 12, chert with clay; from station 12 to station 20, red clay, 

 with a small percentage of sand; from station 20 to station 43, chert gravel; 

 from station 43 to station 49, clay, with a small percentage of sand; from sta- 

 tion 49 to station 52, chert; from station 52 to station 85, clay, with a small 

 percentage of sand; from station 85 to station 87, gravel; from station 87 to 

 station 108, clay, with a small percentage of chert; from station 108 to station 

 119, sand clay ; and from station 119 to station 121, chert. 



Two 12-inch vitrified pipe culverts, each 20 feet long, and one 18-inch culvert 

 20 feet long were built. Concrete end walls 6 feet long, 4 feet high, and 9 

 inches thick were built on two of these culverts, and a concrete bridge was also 

 built with a wooden floor. 



The total length graded was 12,100 feet, the width 24 feet, and the area 

 32,266 square yards. The average haul for excavation was 85 feet and the 

 maximum haul 400 feet. The crown was made 1 inch to the foot and the total 

 earth excavation was 4,437 cubic yards. The end walls contained 1.2 cubic 

 yards of concrete and the bridge 14.2 cubic yards and 1.500 feet b. m. of Imnber. 



The total cost of the road was $1,192.47; the cost per square yard, $0,037; 

 and the rate per mile, $520.08. Labor cost $1 per day and teams $2 per day. 

 The following material was used on the work: 26 barrels of cement, at $2.25 

 per barrel, and 1,500 feet b. m. of lumber, at $10 per thousand. The 18-inch 

 vitrified pipe cost $1.75 per foot and the 12-inch pipe cost $0.90 per foot. Mis- 

 cellaneous items amounted to $21.02, and the balance represents excavation, 

 shaping, surveying, and superintendence. 



Brookings, S. Dak. — The work of grading a State road from the Brookings 

 city limit westward toward Volga w^as begun on September 7, 1911, but was 

 not finished during that season on account of the large percentage of sod con- 

 tained in the grading material. Provision was made, however, for surfacing 

 early in 1912. 



The natural soil is sandy, and plows, slip scrapers, harrows, and a road 

 machine were used in the work. The maximum cut and fill was 2 feet and 

 the maximum grade 0.5 per cent. Three steel reinforced concrete culverts, one 

 3 by 3 feet and two 4 by 6 feet, containing altogether 1,310 pounds of steel and 

 65 cubic yards of concrete, were constructed. 



