OFFICE OF PUBLIC EGADS. 8G1 



The length of the road was 5,3G0 feet and the width 40 feet, making an 

 area of 23,822 square j^ards. The crown for 10 feet each side of the center 

 line of the roadway was made i inch to the foot, and the crown of the shoul- 

 ders, which are 10 feet wide on each side of the 20-foot roadway, was made 3 

 inches to the foot. The grade of the road was raised about 1* feet to provide 

 for drainage. The total earth excavation was 4,000 cubic yards. Labor cost 

 $2 per day and teams $4 per day. Culverts were built by contract, at $5.40 

 per cubic yard ; the steel cost $0,033 per pound, and the excavation for cul- 

 verts. $10. 



The total cost of the work was $S27.S2; the cost per square yard, $0 035, 

 and the rate per mile, $815.59. 



Howard, S. Dak. — Work was started on an earth road from Howard west- 

 ward towai^d Vilas on May 13, 1912, and completed on July 9, 1932. Four days 

 were lost on account of unfavorable weather. The material in the excavation 

 was loosened with plows and loaded into wagons with shovels or with an ele- 

 vating grader. Slip scrapers were also used. The material was then spread 

 with a steel drag and road grader, after which it was harrowed. The max- 

 imum cut was 1.2 feet and the maximum fill 2.7 feet. The grade was reduced 

 from 4.7 to 3.5 per cent. The natural soil is black prairie loam with clay sub- 

 soil and this material was used for surfacing. Slat-bottom wagons were used 

 for hauling for an average distance of 150 feet and a maximum of 500 feet. 

 The total length graded was 15,840 feet; the width in cuts 24 feet and in fills 

 20 feet ; and the area graded was 35,860 square yards. The crown was made 

 i inch to the foot. The earth excavation amounted to 9.135.5 cubic j-ards. 

 Nine corrugated metal culverts, from 12 inches to 24 inches in diameter, were 

 laid as follows: 26 feet of 12-inch, 102 feet of 15-inch, 78 feet of 18-inch, and 

 24 feet of 24-ineh. 



The total cost of the work, including culverts, was $1,463.59; the cost per 

 square yard, $0.0407, and the rate per mile. $487.87. The items of cost were: 

 Excavation, $1,036.27; shaping, $42.80; laying the culverts, $36.07; dragging, 

 $75.83; surveying, $15.60; ditches, $12.25; metal culverts, $244.32, and inci- 

 dentals, $0.45. Labor cost $2 per day, teams $4.50, and elevating grader $20. 



Rkdfiet.d, S. Dak. — The work at Rodfield was begun on October 17. 1911. and 

 completed on October 26, 1911. The principal feature was grading with an 

 elevating grader hauled by a traction engine. Slip scrapers, spike-tooth and 

 disk harrows, and a road grader were also used. Farmers furnished labor 

 free. The natural soil from station to station 5 was sand-clay ; from station 

 5 to station 20, black loam and gumbo; from station 20 to station 46, sjind-clay; 

 and from station 46 to station 524-80, black soil and gumbo. 



The average haul was 400 feet; the maximum haul, 1,000 feet; the maxiramn 

 fill, 2.5 feet; and the maximum grade was reduced from 4 per cent to 3 per 

 cent. One corrugated metal culvert 24 feet long was built with cement rubble 

 masonry end walls 5.5 feet by 5 feet by 2 feet 1^ inches thick. 



'J'he total length graded was 5,280 feet ; the width, 40 feet ; and the area, 

 23,4(;() square yards. The crown was made three-fourths inch to the foot. The 

 grading amounted to 870 cubic yards of earth and 6 cubic yards of rock 

 excavation. 



The cost of the road was $378.31; the cost per square yard, .$0,016; and the 

 rate per mile, $378.31. Labor cost $2 per day and double teams $4.50 per day. 

 The i)rincii»ai items of cost were as follows: Shaping, $40..37 ; culvert. $21.60; 

 grading, $282.01; end walls, $24.08; rock excavation, $6..50; and trimming 

 shoulders and ditches, $3.75. The cost of the traction engine, including coal, 

 water, repairs, etc., was $30 a day. 



ItUTLEDGE. Tenn. — Surveys were made in May, 1911, for about 19 miles of 

 road in Grainger County from the Knox County line to Tate Springs. The 

 work was done by contract and completed in February. 1912, althougi\ very 

 little work was done after December 35. 1911. The ma.ximum cut was 13 feet; 

 the maximum fill, ]<• feet; and the maximum grade of 14 per cent was reduced 

 to 5 per cent. The natural soil is of many varieties. (Ir.iding was made 30 

 and 26 feet wide in cuts and 24 feet in fills. The area graded was 322.0S0 

 square yards, and the area surfaced with crushed limestone. 3,470 square y;irds, 

 or 2,600 feet long by 12 feet wide, with a finished roadway of 24 feet. The 

 lower course of stone was 4.5 inches, the middle course 2 inches, and the top 

 course 0.5 inch, making 6.5 inches in the depth of the eomiiacled material. The 

 stone of the lower course varied from 3 to 2 inches; the middle course from 2 

 iuches to 0.75 inch; and the top course from 0.75 inch to dust. The crown was 



