BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 91 



DAIEY DEMONSTEATTON FARM, DENISON, TEX. 



On the farm near Denison, Tex., owned by local interests and oper- 

 ated under the direction of the Dairy Division for demonstration pur- 

 poses, the si] age crops last year were good, corn and sorghum having 

 yielded 250 tons of silage at the rate of 6 or 7 tons per acre. Market- 

 ing conditions have improved, and it has been found possible to mar- 

 ket most of the products at fair prices. A commendable interest in 

 good Jersey breeding is shown in the community. 



DAIRY MANUFACTURING INVESTIGATIONS. 



The work relating to dairy manufacturing is in charge of S. C. 

 Thompson. 



CREAMERY INVESTIGATION AND DEMONSTRATION. 



The study of creamery problems and the demonstration of proper 

 methods of organizing, building, equipping, and operating creameries 

 have been continued. Four main objects have been kept in view, 

 namely, (1) promoting better business management ; (2) increasing 

 the efficiency of operation; (3) improving the methods of manufac- 

 turing butter; and (4) encouraging the proper development of the 

 creamery industry. 



Monthly circulars supplying valuable and timely information have 

 been sent to creameries and creamery patrons. 



Investigation of fuel and power cost in 560 creameries, including 

 112 this year, has shown much room for improvement in economical 

 operation. Extension work in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, North 

 Dakota, and South Dakota resulted in the adoption of improved 

 methods in this respect in 33 creameries. Exhaust steam for pasteur- 

 izing has proved very economical, saving in some instances as much 

 as 18 per cent on the fuel bill. 



During the year 800 creameries sent in monthly reports and 1,061 

 sent in annual reports, which furnish excellent statistics of the 

 creamery business in the United States. When reports disclosed defi- 

 ciencies, letters were written by the division giving advice as to 

 means of improvement. 



As a result of work of the Dairy Division the profits of nine 

 creameries were increased in amounts varying from $1,000 to $5,000. 



A cream-grading demonstration at the cooperative creamery at 

 Mora, Minn., showed the advantages of a system of cream grading. 

 The butter was improved from a poor first or second, selling for 

 about 4 cents under New York " extras," to the highest grade on the 

 market, selling for 1 cent above New York extras. This represents 

 to the patrons of this creamery an increased profit of $3,500 a year. 



Assistance has been rendered in establishing creameries in localities 

 where conditions appeared to promise success, and the promotion of 

 creameries was discouraged where the prospects for success were 

 doubtful. New creameries have been assisted until they were able 

 to take care of themselves, and old ones rejuvenated by the introduc- 

 tion of modern methods. 



Creamery work in the South has been carried on with the idea of 

 assisting creameries already established to more efficient operation 



72412°— age 1916 7 



