BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 95 



imported article. Cheese of the Roquefort type made from goats' 

 milk ripens more quickly than that from cows' milk, but otherwise is 

 less satisfactory. A small cheese has been made from goats' milk, 

 furnished by the Animal Husbandry Division, which has some of the 

 characteristics of Camembert and which would probably find a ready 

 market. Bacteriological work has shown that there are bacteria in 

 imported Roquefort cheese which do not occur in similar cheese 

 made in this country, but inoculation experiments have not yet 

 shown that they have any part in the development of flavor. 



The rennet, acidity, and temperature for various operations in the 

 manufacture of cheese of the Neufchatel type have been standardized 

 until it is possible to formulate simple directions for making this 

 cheese. 



Swiss cheese. — In the studies to determine the causal agent of 

 eye formation and flavor in cheese* of the Swiss or Emmental type, 

 the results indicate a reasonable certainty of the isolation of the bac- 

 terium producing the eyes. With this knowledge it is hoped that 

 methods may be developed to insure a uniform quality of cheese that 

 will compare favorably with the imported. 



CREAMERY BY-PRODUCTS. 



The equipment at Grove City has made it possible to take up in 

 earnest the work on the utilization of by-products of the creamery. 

 Casein made from buttermilk on an experimental scale by a new 

 process has given results comparable with the best grades of skim- 

 milk casein. This method also works satisfactorily with skim milk. 

 The results of this investigation will be prepared for publication. 



A method for making cottage cheese with proper control of mois- 

 ture and texture has been developed. This product permits of the 

 utilization of buttermilk and when a market is available makes a 

 profitable outlet for skim milk and buttermilk. 



SILAGE AND FEEDING STUFFS. 



The work on the effect of silage on concrete has been completed 

 with the exception of some tests to be made by the Office of Public 

 Roads and Rural Engineering. This year's results show that cement 

 containing 10 per cent of oil is only slightly affected by silage. 



The work on losses in silage has been continued with satisfactory 

 results. From the silage put in last year there was collected 10,000 

 pounds of juice with an average protein content of 1 per cent. This 

 silage was normal and no water was added when it was put into the 

 silo. 



The work on the comparison of wood and concrete silos, digestion 

 of starch by young calves, and effect of mineral matter in the ration 

 upon the composition of the milk has been completed and the results 

 are being tabulated. 



DISPOSAL OF DAIRY WASTES. 



Plans are being made for an experimental plant, to be installed on 

 the Beltsville farm, for the proper disposal of barn washings. At 

 Grove City the experimental plant for waste disposal has been in 

 operation for several months, and notwithstanding the difficulty of 



