358 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVLRT. 



be rio*lit in concludino: that those tribes were much below the con- 

 dition of many savage races that existed at the present day. 



He says: "Of the religion of the pre-historic races we have 

 occasionally excellent evidence. The burial of wives and slaves, 

 weapons, implements, garments, ornaments, and food with a de- 

 ceased chief in a tumulus of unknown date and race, bears, no 

 doubt, the same meaning as the precisely simihir practice among 

 historic barbarians of Scythia and among modern savages. It 

 belongs to the opinion of a personal soul or ghost which survives 

 the death of the body, and which indeed demonstrates its contin- 

 ued existence by appearing to living men in visions and dreams. 

 The wives and slaves are killed and buried, or burned with the 

 body of the deceased, that their ghosts may accompany and serve 

 him as in this life. The best rule I can lay down as to the theoret- 

 ical interpretation of remains of animals and objects found with 

 the dead is this: If the food, etc., are left separate from the 

 corpse, and can be reached from outside, then they are for the 

 hauiiiing ghost of the departed to return and enjoy. If they rep- 

 resent such a retinue of followers and such a provision of horses, 

 clothes, weapons, and supplies of food as would do for an earthly 

 journey, then they are for that spiritual journey to tlie land of 

 souls, which the savage models on a common journey to a distant 

 region. But the attendants and weapons that serve the dead to 

 travel with, are also partly to be used after his arrival in the next 

 life, and especially anything like a stock of property, as, for in- 

 stance, the monstrous accumulation of food, furniture, jewelry, 

 and the like, which is sacrificed at a royal funeral in Siam, has no 

 sense except as meaning direct transfer for use in the next world. 

 But I believe we have no doubt that the discovery even of weap- 

 ons or ornaments in a pre-historic grave is an evidence of the ex- 

 istence in some form or other of that doctrine of souls which is 

 found strong among very low modern races, and extends ujDward 

 through the whole range of religion." 



At the 1868 meeting of the International Congress of Pre- 

 historic Arcliseology, Sir John Lubbock, the President, delivered 

 an address, from which the following are extracts : — 



There were two principal heads into which the subject of their 

 investigation was divided, — one concerning savages in ancient 

 times, and the other relating to savages in modern times ; and in 

 their inquiries they endeavored to trace up the development and 

 growth of the human race to the present time. 



The earliest traces of man were perhaps those which had been 

 found in the miocene era. These traces might be divided into two 

 heads, those of stone and those of bone. 



The implements of the paleolithic, or old stone age, were never 

 found with pottery, and never had any trace of polish upon them. 

 Putting these facts together — the peculiar form of the imple- 

 ments, their never being polished, their never being found with 

 pottery — the}^ considered that these things corresponded to a pe- 

 culiar phase of human history to which they might l)e permitted 

 to give some name or another. Then, if they examined the ani- 

 mals that coexisted at this period, they would find that they em- 



