GEOGRAPUr AND ANTIQUITIES. 361 



race will arrive, in simple matters of domestic or oflfensive art, at 

 nearly similar conclusions, each independently of the other." 



Ethnology and Philology. — Dr. Davis, in a paper on the Eth- 

 nology of India, in the Proceeilings of the Asiatic Society of 

 Bengal, attempts to show that philology is not so sure a guide in 

 ethnology as craniology, and he consequently objects to the Aryan 

 hypothesis. He says, "If Europeans and Hindoos be of the same 

 family, why cannot the former migrate to and live in India? How 

 is it that the people of India are celebrated for the smallness of 

 their heads, while the inhabitants of Europe have large heads?" 

 "While the Syro-Arabian division of mankind is admitted to be 

 piiysically identical with the Aryan, the}- cannot be allied, it is 

 said, " because the languages of the two families utterly sunder 

 them." He also objects to the hypothesis of the unity of the hu- 

 man race, regarding our species as, " in the main, an aggregate 

 of families formed by the hand of the Creator, in every different 

 locality in which it is found, and each constituted for the climate 

 and productions by which it is surrounded." 



Stone Age in Switzerland. — A human' station of the stone age, 

 in which remains of the reindeer have been found, has been re- 

 cently discovered in a small elevation, at the foot of Mt. Saleve, 

 near Geneva, making a sixth locality in the terrace alluvium in 

 Switzerland, in which remains of the reindeer have been found, the 

 5. others being 3 places on Lake Geneva, at Meilen on the bor- 

 ders of Lake Zurich, and at Windi>ch on the Reuss. The remains 

 were found 42 metres above the present level of the River Arve, 

 whose waters since the glacial period have evidently attained 

 nearly this height. M. Favre, who records the discovery, believes 

 that the mound was inhabited by man when the water of the river 

 was at a higher level than the present, though probably not when 

 it was at its highest. M. Lartet is of opinion that the reindeer pe- 

 riod is probably not of the same age, but somewhat more ancient 

 in Southern Europe than in more northern latitudes, the animal 

 having migrated northward. 



Flint Implements. — It mtist be borne in mind, in studying flint 

 implements, that the natural forms of flints may deceive the inex- 

 perienced observer into the belief that they have been formed 

 artificially. These natural forms may be produced at the original 

 formation of the flint in the chalk, by fracture, and by weathering ; 

 the only evidence of the human origin of such implements which 

 can be admitted is the evidence of design shown in various wavs. 



Division of Caverns. — In the "Anthropological Review" tor 

 April, 1868, caverns are divided into three classes: 1. Those 

 which contain the quaternary fauna, now utterly extinct. 2. 

 Those in which the reindeer assumes a large development. 3. 

 Those which contain only the animals now found in the country, 

 many of which had been no doubt domesticated. 



Pre-historic Man. — It is generally admitted that cannibalism 

 was practised in pre-historic times down to t4ie period of polished 

 stone. It is probable that there were two races, one brachy- 

 cephalic, and the other dolicocephalic, — the former characterized 

 by a lozenge-shaped and the other by an oval-shaped face. 

 31 



