Report of State Board of Horticulture. 81 



orchardists of the State now rely almost wholly upon 

 spraying, 



OTHER PREVENTIVE MEASURES. 



Spraying has come to be the chief means of protecting 

 fruit from injury by the codling moth. In this State it i^ 

 now practically the only means employed. If it be done in- 

 telligently and be persisted in, and if a good quality of poison 

 be used, the result should be at least 85-95 per cent of the 

 fruit free from worms. Nevertheless, one should not overlook 

 the facts that clean, smooth trees and clean cultivation ara 

 efficient supplements to spraying; that if sheep or hogs are 

 allowed to run in the orchard they will devour the fallen 

 fruit with many worms included; that closed screens at the 

 windows and doors of storerooms in which infested fruit has 

 been kept, means imprisonment for life to all moths that 

 emerge therein in spring. Some good authorities also recom- 

 . mend that the old "banding systemx" be used as a supplement 

 to spraying. This consists in folding a piece of thick, dark- 

 colored cloth to make bands 4-6 inches wide and fastening 

 these tightly about the trunk of each tree about two feet 

 above the ground. This simply furnishes the larvae conveni- 

 ent places in which to pupate. After the first brood larvae 

 begin to leave the fruit these bands should be examined every 

 six or eight days until about September 15, and all the insects 

 killed. Further examination of the bands can then be de- 

 ferred until some time after the fruit has all been gathered, 

 when they should again be gone over and all the hibernating 

 larvae killed. The expense of banding is hardly necessary if 

 the spraying has been carefully and intelligently done. 



SAN JOSE SCALE. 



The San Jose scale is the most destructive of all pes!s in 

 neglected orchards. Nevertheless, by intelligent effort it can 

 be more easily controlled than any other first-class orchard 

 pest ; and when we come to realize that the one annual winter 

 application of the lime, sulphur, salt spray, which is all that 

 is necessary to reduce its ravages to the minimum, is also 

 one of the best general "cleaning up" sprays that has yet been 



HOR.— 6 



