Report of State Board of Horticulture. 97 



REMEDIES. 



In Bulletin No. 60, as a result of laboratory studies, I 

 made the following recommendations: We have seen that the 

 spores are developed and probably distributed during the lat3 

 summer and fall months, and that they undoubtedly germin- 

 ate after the fall rains begin. It is also known that bordeaux 

 mixture and other copper compounds prevent the germination 

 of the spores of fungii. We therefore infer that if the trees 

 be thoroughly sprayed with bordeaux mixture or with the 

 ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate once soon after the? 

 fall rains begin, and again as soon after the leaves fall as 

 possible, the germination of the spores will be largely pre- 

 vented and the spread of the disease be thereby checked. It 

 is not expected that such a process will exterminate the dis- 

 ease, but it is believed that it will so reduce its ravages that 

 it can no longer be considered a menace to the apple-growir^:: 

 industry. For the latter of the two applications mentioned 

 above, bordeaux mixture, winter strength, should be used. 

 For the former, bordeaux, summer strength, may also be 

 used, but if fruit is on the tree it would be better to use the 

 ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate. Whichever spra.y 

 is used should be thoroughly applied and applied as soon as 

 possible after the fall rains begin. The fungus can not be 

 destroyed by sprays after it has once entered the tissues of 

 its host. 



In addition to the sprayings recommended, we would advise 

 owners of young orchards, or orchards but little diseased, ta 

 carefully cut out and paint over with strong bordeaux all 

 anthracnosed spots that may be observed. Old or badly dis- 

 eased orchards can best be renovated by pruning severely 

 and spraying thoroughly. 



Such excellent results have followed the adoption of the 

 above recommendations in several instances that I hesitate 

 to modify them. I am inclined to believe, however, as a 

 result of later studies, that there is no necessity of spraying 

 for this disease before the crop is harvested, particularly if 

 the trees have been sprayed with bordeaux early in the sea- 

 son for apple scab. I believe now that it is most important 

 HOR.— 7 



