l'2(j Appendix. 



Of plums, the Gages, Jefferson, Washington, Columbia, Peach Plum, 

 Reine Claude, and Coe's Late Red were leading varieties. 



Of prunes there was only one variety, our little German prune, a 

 native of the Rhine, sometimes called the Rhine Prune, and from which 

 our Italian is a lineal descendant — a sport from its native country. 



The grapes were the Catawba and Isabella. 



The climate was propitious, and the soil fertile, and there were no 

 insect pests. Trees grew rapidly and they were prolific of such fruit 

 as had never been seen before. 



About 1850, a Mr. Ladd started a nursery near Butteville, and in the 

 same year Mr. George Settlemier arrived by way of California with a 

 good supply of fruit-tree seed, which he planted on Green Point, and 

 afterwards removed to his present home at Mt. Angel, v/here, as fast as 

 his limited means would allow, a large stock of fruit and ornamental 

 trees were accumulated, making in all the largest variety in the Terri- 

 tory. Mr. Settlemier wisely interested his large family of sons in the 

 business by giving them little blocks of ground for side nurseries of 

 their own. J. H. Settlemier tells, with pride, how he started, at ten 

 years of age, in three fence corners, and at thirteen had one thousand 

 trees and sold one bill of $60. 



Another nursery was started near Salem and the pioneer fruit in- 

 dustry was fairly inaugurated. This year Mr. Luelling went back 

 East and selected from the extensive nurseries of Ellwanger and Barry, 

 and A. J. Downing, a large variety of young trees and plants, which 

 he brought back via the Isthmus of Panama, carried across by Indians 

 and mules. This time Mr. Luelling, to correct his mistake in the Yellow 

 Newtown Pippin, had Mr. Downing personally point out the trees as 

 they were dug. Strangely the same mistake occurred again, and again 

 Luelling brought out the Green Newtown Pippin, and it was not for 

 some years that the real Yellow Newtown Pippin was introduced into 

 Oregon. The first box of apples placed upon the sidewalk in Portland, 

 by Mr. Luelling, was eagerly purchased by the admiring fruit-hungry 

 crowd that gathered about, at $1 per apple, and returned the neat little 

 profit of $75. 



The home mai-ket now showed many of the above mentioned fruits, 

 which were eagerly sought at fabulous prices. Apples brought as high 

 as $1 per pound by the box, and in Portland retailed at $1.50 per 

 pound readily, and all other fruits nearly as much. 



Californians, fruit hungry, with plethoric purses, bid high for the 

 surplus, and in 1853, a few boxes, securely bound with strap iron (as 

 was the custom in those days for protection against fruit thieves), were 

 shipped to San Francisco and sold for $2 per pound. 



In 1854 five hundred bushels of apples were shipped, and returned a 

 net profit of from $1.50 to $2 per pound. In 1855 6,000 bushels were 

 shipped, and returned $20 to $30 per bushel. Young trees were now in 

 full bearing and the export of 1856 was 20,000 boxes. This year one 

 box of Esopus Spitzenberg paid the shipper a net profit of $60, and 



