Appendix. 135 



for some years the Royal Ann and Black Republican brought from 50 

 cents to 70 cents per pound, in ten-pound boxes for shipment East. 

 This was fairly remunerative, but of late, on account of fungi, the 

 Royal Ann has not carried well in the long haul; is easily bruised, 

 turns black on the facing, and altogether is an unattractive and un- 

 salable fruit in the Eastern markets. We have discontinued shipment. 

 Canneries have come to the rescue and now contract our fruit at 3% to 

 4 cents loose, boxes returned. This, also, will be fairly remunerative. 

 Large dark cherries ship well, sell well, and probably will remain 

 profitable. The world's fairs of 1893, and since, revealed the fact that 

 we grow the largest, showiest, and perhaps the finest cherry in the 

 world. Somehow, we ought to do well with our dark cherries. Sixty 

 Governor Wood and fifty May Dukes, after ten years' experience, were 

 worked over into Royal Anns, with the same success in the grafting as 

 with the plum. To-day only an expert would notice the graft or any 

 change in the growth. 



The object of this grafting story is to say, "Don't dig up old trees 

 because the fruit does not suit you, graft into sorts that will suit you." 

 Spraying, enriching, and deep cultivation will rejuvenate old trees and 

 bring them into vigorous bearing long before you could realize from 

 setting young trees, and at much less expense. 



Ten thousand squai-e miles of the valleys and foothills of Oregon 

 are in every way adapted to the culture of all the fruits grown in 

 this latitude, of the finest quality and in great abundance. Before the 

 advent of the white man and cultivated fruits, this country had dem- 

 onstrated its capacity to produce the wild fruits abundantly, of fine 

 flavor and excellence. The Indians, trappers, and pioneers value :1 

 these highly and made good use of them. As they were in some sense 

 evidence of a soil and climate adapted to and prophetic of a grent 

 industry now growing up among us, it is not out of place to briefly 

 make some record of them; and this seems the more important in 

 view of the fact that the pomological division of the Department of 

 Agriculture has taken up the subject and is making collections and 

 urging the improvement of indigenous fruits and hybridizing and cul- 

 tivation of them and in view of the fact that some of our best fruits 

 have been thus produced. 



The Oregon crab apple {Pyrns rividaris) is found on cold, marshy 

 ground, bordering ponds, mountain springs, and streams, and when 

 favorably situated is a good sized tree and attains a diameter of one 

 foot, and an altitude of twenty feet. Its rich green spreading top in 

 the season bears heavily a small, oval, golden-colored apple, which when 

 ripe is eaten by the Indians, and was used in early times by the white 

 settlers for making preserves, jelly, and vinegar. This species has 

 been hybridized and improved by some of our nurserymen, and no 

 doubt will be further improved, which may lead to a valuable variety 

 in the future. 



