Appendix. 149 



to cut. According to scientific forestiy one would cut the 75 per cent 

 just as soon as the market would permit and make room for the rest 

 to grow when the 25 per cent was mature, another 75 per cent would 

 be coming on, different sizes and ages according to the start they got. 



A similar natural forest in this country would be treated in the 

 same way, and some lumbermen, such as those for example as hold 

 pine lands in the valley of the St. Croix river in Wisconsin, or as the 

 Weyerhaueser Timber Company is doing in Washington, are going 

 back 15 or 20 years to make a second, third and fourth cutting on the 

 jsame land. If a trained forester were to begin cutting a mature forest 

 he would not commence on that side of it which is exposed to the pre- 

 "V'ailing winds, because every cutting would freshly expose the remain- 

 ing forest on that side to dangers from the wind. 



A trained forester would manage the cutting so as to promote natural 

 ^seeding from the nearest trees left standing. He would begin by first 

 liaving it surveyed. He would not ci-uise it. Oh no, Western cruising 

 is not forest mensuration, far from it; it is largely guess work, 

 although there are a few who take the time to count the trees, take 

 their contents and make a map of a forest area. 



These principles are in vogue in the countries mentioned above, and 

 are becoming prevalent in' the Eastern United States, and a forester 

 must acquire them to become proficient in his work. 



The forest is a great soil farmer, most all our black loam, the very 

 best farming land, has been found by forests. We can study this on 

 many places such as, for instance, on the marshes near the sea, we 

 dig down aways and find sea shells beneath the deep formation made 

 "by the annual deposit of leaves, sticks, etc., from the trees. 



The forest is also a soil improver. The leaf would gradually form 

 "w'-here the growth of a forest is encouraged and a much better soil 

 is made for man by growing trees, where trees are grown as a ci'op, as 

 in Europe this is more apparent than in the western country, where 

 nearly all is virgin soil. 



The forest is a great soil fixer. In many parts of the world the 

 ^vind blows the sand into shifting masses called sand dunes. Fifty 

 years ago Golden Gate Park at San Francisco was such a section 

 •of shifting sand. Now many by applying forestry methods has made it 

 one of the most beautiful parks in the world. 



I have already alluded to the value of forests as a flood preventer and 

 a moisture holder in the mountains. If the forests are removed, floods, 

 droughts and disaster follows. Of the most valuable thing the U. S. 

 government has done for Oregon has been to reserve portions of our 

 forests around the high mountains so that we may have a steady, con- 

 tinuous flow of water in the streams and rivers of the State. 



The forest is of great value to man as a wind break. Why don't 

 we have severe windstorms here? Because we are protected. Cyclones 

 only prevail in sections where there are but few forests. Nothing is more 



