176 Appendix. 



perishable products which must be picked, packed and marketed in a 

 very short time. This requires plenty of help in field and packing house 

 and prompt service by the transportation companies if the producer is to 

 pi'osper. Even with an abundance of help, there will be a large amount 

 of fruit unprofitable for shipping purposes, which must be utilized if 

 possible, and for this purpose the cannery and factories for the manu- 

 facture of pure fruit jams, jellies, flavors and vinegars should be se- 

 cured, wherever they can be run with profit. 



The problem of insect pests is one which meets us each year, and we 

 may as well decide first as last, that we will be compelled to wage a 

 continual warfare against the codling moth, pernicious scale and all the- 

 other insect or fungous pests of the fruit tree. It would also appear 

 that some action should be taken to introduce into this State some of 

 the beneficial insects, which our neighbors on the south have secured 

 and thus make use of some of the natural enemies of the scale, the 

 codling moth, etc., as well as to adopt the motto, "Spray without 

 ceasing." 



When once we begin to look for problems we conclude the fruit 

 grower has no need to be idle. 



WALNUTS AND FILBERTS. 



(Written by Felix Gillette, Nevada City, California, for the Oregon 

 Agriculturist and Rural Northwest.) 



In these times of walnut booming, since such a thing, it seems, is 

 sweeping like a tornado over the great Northwest — and a legitimate 

 boom it is, I am glad to say — anything referring to the walnut should 

 be acceptable to your people; so I will, in this letter, dwell not precisely 

 on the possibilities of that pai't of the Pacific Coast of becoming a 

 regular walnut-growing district, which it is doing very rapidly, but 

 discuss the best ways for your people, in taking advantage of your 

 natural conditions over other walnut-producing districts, like Southern 

 California, for instance, to make walnut growing pay and pay well. 

 It is a fact that wherever walnut trees which vegetate late have been 

 planted in the Northwest in soil most congenial to the walnut, that is,. 

 a deep, rich or medium rich and moist soil, they have done wondei'fully 

 well, beginning to b.ear at eight years from the seed, and bearing beau- 

 tiful nuts. I say beautiful, not in a flattering sense, but because it is 

 so, if I have to judge by the very pretty nuts sent to me from various 

 parts of Oregon and Washington. What I like in Oregon-grown nuts 

 of these French, late-vegetating varieties like Mayette, Franquette^ 

 Parisienne and the like, is the fair size of the nuts — and commerce re- 

 jects extra large nuts as well as exti-a small ones — then the smoothness 



