182 Appendix. 



growing tree, but I don't believe that, at nine years of age, such trees 

 will be superior to mine. 



As to varieties, I would advise planting none but the French varieties 

 and those that bloom late enough not to be caught by the spring frosts. 

 The Mayette, Franquette, Parisienne, Proeparturien and Chaberte are 

 all superior varieties and adapted to our climate. 



Beware of the varieties originated in Southern California, and nuts 

 brought from that region. Many trees of the Ford and Santa Barbara 

 varieties have been sold in our State. They are not adapted here. They 

 put forth so early in the spring that the frost is sure to catch them. I 

 know of several such experiences. 



OVERPRODUCTION. 



Considering that ten to twelve million pounds of walnvits are usually 

 imported into the United States; that the use of nuts is constantly 

 growing and that only a limited portion of the country is suitable for 

 their production, I can not believe there is much danger of overpro- 

 duction. 



LOCATION FOR GROVE. 



My idea on this point is that you should have a deep, rich soil, prefer- 

 ably on a slope, so as to insure good drainage. 



My orchard is on what they call "first bench." We have clay sub- 

 soil, but no hardpan, and the trees grow well. They would probably do< 

 as well on bottom land, if well drained. 



SUGGESTIONS FOR PLANTING. 



Forty feet is near enough for the trees to be together, and I believe 

 fifty feet would be better. My trees are thirty-six feet each way, and" 

 now at nine years of age, we find they are too near together. 



I believe, if they were set in diamond form fifty feet apart, making- 

 the rows forty-thi'ee to fourty-four feet apart, it would be near enough. 

 I would set the tree a trifle lower than it was in the nursery. If the 

 root is ragged I would trim it. 



I had some trees whose roots were frozen in transit, so that I had to- 

 cut away more than half of the tap root, still they have growTi finely; 

 and we do not hesitate to trim the tap root, if we find it broken ox' 

 ragged. 



SHAPING THE TOP. 



We were advised by Mr. Gillet not to let the limbs start lower thanr 

 six feet from the ground and we think his advice was good, although 

 when the trees were five or six years old we feared they would not 

 have a good shape. 



The walnut requires very little pruning, and I think, after a few 

 years, might safely be grown in sod. 



On the whole I think walnut culture is all right for Oregon, the trees 

 being hardy, requiring little attention and the crop being annual an.i 



