Appendix. 197 



tion in I'egard to conducting the business successfully and secui'ing bet- 

 ter prices without the assistance of two able men. In fact, the corre- 

 spondence of our union requires a stenographer who practically devotes 

 the entire day to correspondence, which goes to every principal city in 

 the Union, and the principal apple buyers in England. In addition to 

 this, I have associated with me a man who inspects all the fruit after it 

 •comes from the field inspectors and before it is loaded into the car, a 

 general assistant in the work. 



. Now, what I wish to impress upon your minds is this: If it takes 

 ■ three of us all our time to do this work as well as we do it, and I do 

 not wish to say it can not be done better, then how can any one of you, 

 an orchardist who is busy all day long with the care, culture, and the 

 harvesting of your crop, singlehanded find time after your work to do 

 what it takes three of us all day long every day in the year to do? 

 To become acquainted with the markets, keep in daily touch to know 

 "the best fruit firms in all the principal cities, is not an easy task, nor 

 ■can it be accomplished in a short space of time. After three years of 

 arduous labor I can only finally say that we are at last in touch with 

 the principal buyers in all the principal cities in the United States and 

 abroad, and that to-day we are receiving daily quotations and market 

 prices from every one of these cities. 



The manager's duties are many. He must understand how to put up 

 the fruit in fancy package for distant shipment; he must be firm in his 

 inspection, stiff in his rejections, and treat all growers, whether they 

 be friends or not, with equal fairness. Each member of your union 

 must have a square deal, and there must be no preferences. In addi- 

 tion to this he must be posted on the demand and prices of every market. 

 He must know where to place each variety you grow to get the best 

 price. He must be posted on the financial condition and the method of 

 doing business of evez'y fii-m where he places your union output. 



Finally, I say to you, grow what your soil and climate will pi'oduce 

 the best, learn how to put it up in the fanciest package possible, and 

 put up only fancy fruit. Organize a union to handle it for you, and 

 select for a manager one in whom you have confidence, a man who is 

 recognized as having ability. Then you will be successful; for in union 

 there is strength. In Hood River our motto is: "United we stand, 

 <livided we fall." 



PICKING, PACKING AND MARKETING THE APPLE. 



By Lowell B. Judson. 



TIME OF PICKING. 



The time of picking red apples is commonly gauged by their color, 

 and that of yellow apples by the color of the seeds. The latter is the 

 only reliable test of ripeness, for an apple picked just as the seeds have 



