210 Appendix. 



and one pound of quassia chips to eight gallons of water gives the 

 best results. 



For fighting the codling moth, most all apple growers in our valley 

 are now using the arsenate of lead sprays. We are well satisfied with 

 the results, after two years' trial, and will look with suspicion at first 

 upon any one who clams to have discovered a better spray. The ad- 

 vantages of this spray over the arsenate of lime or the paris green 

 sprays are many. It is less trouble to prepare. It remains in suspen- 

 sion much longer. There is absolutely no danger of burning the most 

 delicate foliage or fruit. It harms neither man nor beast when applying 

 it. It is much easier to apply. It flows through both pump and nozzle 

 very smoothly and causes but little wear on either. It will not wash off 

 easily by heavy rains, and yet when dry rubs off very easily. The labor 

 saved in wiping the apples at picking time will more than pay the 

 difference in the cost of spray. It requires a less number of sprayings, 

 and gives better results in the destruction of the moth. 



Most of us are trying to follow the advice of Prof. E. D. Ball of the 

 Utah Experiment Station in fighting the codling moth. However, I 

 modify his advice a little in applying the first two sprays. Instead of 

 waiting ten days between the first and second sprays, I do not believe 

 we should wait longer than four days. If petals have mostly fallen 

 when first spray has been applied, we can not wait ten days to apply 

 the second spray and find the calyx of the center apples in each cluster 

 open, and it is these center apples which we mostly leave when thinning. 

 I have sprayed with arsenate of lead six times this season. The dates 

 are as follows: May 7, May 10, June 1, June 25, July 20, and 

 August 20. 



The first tv/o sprays were made to fill the calyx end of the apple with 

 poison. The next three sprays were to keep the outer part of the apple 

 covered with poison while it was expanding with growth. The last 

 spray was to give a farewell banquet to the second brood of moths. 



I believe I wasted one spraying; the third, fourth and fifth sprayings 

 should have been merged into two sprayings. But our climatic condi- 

 tions last spring and early summer were such as to cause an uncer- 

 tainty in just when to spray, and I would rather spray too often than 

 not often enough. I have less than one-half of one per cent of wormy 

 apples in my orchard this year. But this record can not be expectel 

 every year. Owing to our late season cold, cloudy, and rainy weather 

 last spring, it seems that the first brood of moths was very light, most 

 of them never hatching. 



In regard to the most desirable power to use in an orchard for spray- 

 ing, I would say it is a difficult question to decide. The carbonic gas, 

 the gasoline engine, and the small steam engine all have their friends, 

 but I intend to purchase a small steam engine sprayer next spring. 

 I believe it has many advantages over both the others. The principal 

 one being the cost of operating. This is almost nothing compared to 

 either of the other two. Its agitation is perfect, and the steam can be 



