92 Appendix. 



time, either by cultivation or a naturally moist condition of the soil, that 

 this disease is most prevalent. Young trees, before they come into bearing, 

 may be cultivated much later, encouraging wood growth as much as possible, 

 as they are much less subject to gumni'osis on account of a more even dis- 

 tribution of the sap and not being subjected to the shock of being forced to 

 absorb the surplus nourishment which had been consumed by the fruit dur- 

 ing the process of its growth and development prior to ripening and gather- 

 ing. Cherry-growers everywhere should put this system into practice as 

 much as possible during the coming season and report the results of their 

 experiments. 



Cherry culture in general should be given more attention at horticultural 

 meetings, as much good would result and the industry would be greatly 

 benefited by an exchange of opinions and a thorough discussion of the sub- 

 ject. It is quite unfortunate, and to the beginner and prospective cherry- 

 grower somewhat discouraging, to find so little literature available for his 

 instruction and guidance, and a suggestion from our State Horticultural 

 Society and the Northwest Fruit Growers' Association to the Depart- 

 ments'of Horticulture of both the United States and Canada to hav£ experts 

 m'ake scientific investigations pertaining to this rapidly developing industry 

 for the benefit of those already engaged in the business and those who 

 contemplate entering the ranks to become cherry-growers, should not be 

 amiss. 



With the exception of gummosis, which can in a great measure be con- 

 trolled by judicious cultivation, the cherry is perhaps less subject to the 

 attacks of insect pests and fungous diseases than any other kind of fruit, 

 resulting in a cheaper and necessarily more profitable production. 



While spraying with Bordeaux is recommended to prevent and control 

 gummosis, its application will be found to possess less merit than is generally 

 supposed, and much more good will be accomplished in this direction by the 

 selection of a proper location and subsequent cultivation. The impression 

 should not obtain from the foregoing that spraying of cherry trees is 

 entirely useless and to be discouraged, for a thorough application annually 

 of the sulphur and lime solution or Bordeaux mixture is very beneficial and 

 should be regularly practiced, inasmuch as it destroys the eggs of the brown 

 aphis, which sometimes attacks the tree, besides acting as a general cleanser, 

 giving tone and vigor to the bark of body and limbs. 



One-year-old trees, well grown and thrifty, propagated on Mazzard or Ma- 

 haleb stock, are to be preferred by the planter. Heads should be formed 

 rather low, to prevent sunscald to its sensitive bark. The methods of grow- 

 ing and training a young cherry orchard are similar to those employed for 

 other varieties of fruit. Heading back the limbs to give proper shape an^! 

 balance to the trees should continue for three or four years, or until they 

 come into bearing, when it will be found, if the orchard is properly handled, 

 pruning is rarely needed, but may be resorted to, if deemed necessary, 

 without injury to the tree, for it does not induce gummosis, as is often 

 claimed, at least not in Eastern Oregon, where cherry orchards are grown 

 almost exclusively without irrigation. 



In removing the small branches when forming the head, care should be 

 taken to always make the cut just above a bud at an angle of 45 degrees 

 with the branch; should the cut be made just back of a bud or midway 

 between buds, the wood is apt to die to the next bud below and thus have a 

 tendency to interfere with the proper shaping of the tree. 



By the introduction within recent years of many new varieties of great 

 merit, the cherry industry has been practically revolutionized, and the 

 season of ripening extended by at least a full month. 



The great call for Royal Ann bv canneries and Maraschino people has 

 stimulated the planting of this variety, until today it is far in the lead of 

 all other kinds, and with the building of new canning plants in all portions 



