Growing the European Grape in Oregon. 105 



roots. Of fungous diseases we have jfrape anthracnose, mildew, graj)e rot, 

 rust and grajje knot. All of these funfrl readily yield to spraying with 

 Bordeaux in the spring, just as the buds begin swelling, excepting the 

 grape knot. This disease affects the old wood of all European grapes, and 

 has existed in California since the first jilanting of the grape by the 

 mission fathers. It does not affect tlie fruit in quality or size. 



My oldest vineyard of 7,000 vines, which has been in bearing for over 

 twenty years, has been affected witii the grape knot from the beginning, 

 and I have not lost ten grapevines from grape knot durin'j that period. 



Mildew you will find the most annoying fungus the grape-grower has to 

 contend with. It affects the growing canes, leaves and fruit, and if it 

 develops in any portion of the vineyard during the season you will lose all 

 of the fruit on every vine it attacks. However, mildew is easily controlled. 

 If you lose a crop of grapes from the mildew the fa>dt is your own. as the 

 remedy costs you but little. 



If mildew once becomes establislied in the vineyard during the season, all 

 vines so affected are past help for that season. Spraying the vines with 

 Bordeaux, or flowers of suipluir shaken in each vine, will prevent mildew 

 from develo])ing. If flowers of sulphur is shaken in each vine when in bloom 

 and again when the grapes are the size of BB shot it will prevent mildew, 

 or if you will spray the vines with standard Bordeaux just as the buds begin 

 swelling in the spring and again w^ith modified Bordeaux when the grapes 

 become the size of BB shot, you will prevent mildew. These remedies are 

 cheap and effective, and if you become a gra])e-grower you run much risk if 

 you fail to treat your vines annually. 



The question of winter and summer pruning is hard to explain in a paper 

 of this character so as to make it of practical value to a beginner. The 

 beginner's best method to learn pruning is to go into a vineyard with a 

 pruner of knowledge and have an object lesson. No two vines of the same 

 variety are pruned exactly alike, as they all vary in vigor and must be 

 pruned accordingly to get the best results. If my Jackson and Josephine 

 County friends who are beginners in . grape-growing will come to my vine- 

 yard in February and March I will be glad to give them object lessons in 

 pruning the grape, so far as my knowledge goes on that subject. 



Again, picking and packing the grape for market, as well as selling it, 

 are jdiases of the grape-grower's work that would make this paper too 

 lengthy to go into at this time. I hope to take this up at some future time. 



The timid often say to me: "There are a good many people going to 

 engage in grape-growing. Won 't production soon be greater than de- 

 mand?" My answer has always been "No." It must be remembered that 

 the ])0ssil ility to grow and mature such grapes as the Tokay, Muscat and 

 graiies of their variety is limited to a very small portion of the United 

 States. In Oregon these varieties can only be grown in the Eogue Eiver 

 'v^alley and about The Dalles, in Wasco County. The Willamette Valley 

 cannot mature them. A limited portion of Idaho along the Snake Eiver 

 can grow them, ami the State of California, a portion of Arizona and New 

 Mexico can grow them by resorting to irrigation. Irrigated grapes do not 

 have the shipping qualities that non-irrigated grapes have. 



For the ])ast seven years I have been shipping one to two thousand crates 

 of these grapes to the Portland market. With increased shipments prices 

 have advancefl annually. My first year's shipment of Tokays sold for $1.10 

 per crate; Odlifornia Tokays sold that year for .$1.15 per crate. Oregon 

 Tokays had to win their way against California Tokays. At that time — 

 seven years ago — Portland fruit dealers would not acknowledge that Ore- 

 gon Tokays had any merit in comparison with California Tokays. The 

 Oregon Tokay has won out and are now regularly quoted as Oregon Tokays 

 in the market rcpDrts of Portland. Last year every crate of Tokays I 



