APPENDIX. 161 



folks want a lawyer or a iireacher or a doctor, professions now hopelessly over- 

 crowded, in the family V Is it because he rebels at toiling alongside of the 

 tramp who sleeps in the barn, and that there is too little of the golden rule 

 exercised between the employer and the employed V Is it because civil and 

 mining engineering and electrical science offer greater possibilities V Are 

 these among the causes that lead the boys to drift away from the agricul- 

 tural courses at our colleges ? We have the diagnosis, and I ask you, gentle- 

 men, to ])oint the remedy. After much thought and correspondence with 

 those whose o])inions are entitled to greater weight than my own, I conclude 

 that we must first arouse the interest of the parent, and then, as the publii- 

 schools are the recruiting stations of our colleges, demand that our boar<ls 

 of education pre])are an elementary work on agriculture foi- rural districts 

 that shall interest the child in the importance and necessities of this noble 

 science. 



The State of Missouri has adopted this course at her agricultural colleges. 

 Short courses are given teachei-s of the public schools in agi-iculture and 

 horticulture, and this new deimrtment is Vnicked by the (iovernor. Superin- 

 tendent of Public Instruction, statt' boards of agriculture and horticulture, 

 and state industrial associations. 



Oh ! that we had a])ostles in these days with power to raise the dead — 

 dead to the proper appreciation of scientific knowledge, who could demon- 

 strate to them the great loss of energy in grappling with unknown conditions 

 in every branch of husbandry, who could lift us to the higher levels of oui- 

 calling, imjjress us with the truth that all civilization rests upon the broad 

 base of agriculture, and that all other arts of science are her children, paiut 

 again "the man with the hoe'' not with the stolid features of Markham's 

 exaggeration but one radiant with the sentiment of Emerson "that all no- 

 bility rests in the use and possession of the soil.'' 



At the conclusion of Mr. Smith's pai)er he called upon Mr. Miller. ex- 

 President of the Oregon Agricultural College, for any suggestions as to how 

 the evil could be overcome, and the agricultural colleges educate farmers 

 instead of turning out lawyers, preachers, doctors, engineers, and every- 

 thing but agriculturists. 



Mr. Miller said it was because such schools were i-un l)y lawyers and poli- 

 ticians and not by or for farmers. This was the fault of the farmers. No 

 people or no class of people could be raised up or their social condition im- 

 proved by outside influences. The inspiration must come from within. T'ntil 

 farmers wake ui) and assert their rights they will have no rights. 



COMMERCIAL ORCHARDS. 



Ky W. G. Offnkr, Wsilla W.illa. 



The shippers of Walla Walla would be dollars ahead if they had not 



shipped any cherries east for the last five years. Now it is not the fault of 



our cherries, for we raise as good cherries as anywhere, but the trouble is 



we are out of season. Now, when our cherries are on the market the peo])le 



in the east have been eating California cherries for a month or more, and 



are somewhat tired of them. About the time ours are ready for market then 



come the Southern States with their peaches, and they come thick and fast, 



and soon get cheap, and the way we have to ship our cherries by fast train 



service at a high freight rate we have to get a srood price for them to keep 

 11 



