APPENDIX. 



215 



These root-fj-rafts, after having- been tied in bundles, with each vai-iety 

 separately labeled, may be packed away in moist earth or loam and left in 

 the cellar free from frost until spring, when they should be planted in nursery 

 rows in the open ground and cultivated for one, two, or three years, when 

 they are ready to be transplanted to the orchard site. 



Thorough cultivation in the nursery rows should be given, and some 

 attention should be paid to training or shaping the young ti-ees, so as to 

 insure the best results when transplanted in the orchard. 



Cleft-Graftiny — Cleft-grafting is generally done when the stock is consider- 

 ably larger than the scion and where the operation is to be performed above 

 ground. The stock is split downward, after it has been cut off at the point 

 where the scion is to be inserted, l)y using a tine-tooth saw. The bark should 

 be out through first to avoid being torn and so that the sides of the cleft wil] 



/; 



h' 



S.FroCtor 



Fig. 2.— Siicet'ssive steps of stock grafling; <i, split-o graft ; b, tongue graft, sejiaratt" 

 parts; c, tongue graft, parts united; c/, wax applied. 



be smooth. A wedge is inserted to keep the cleft open for the insertion of 

 the scion, w'hich is cut wedge shape, with a long- slope, one edge being a 

 little thicker than the other f Fig. 4). The object of this is to have the 

 pressure of the cleft greatest upon the outer side where the union is to be 

 effected. 



If the stock is large enough, a graft may be inserted on each side of the 

 cleft, and if both grow one should eventually be cut off". After the scions 

 have been properly inserted the wedge should be carefully withdrawn. 



