APPENDIX. 241 



from which they originated as chance seedlinus. These various types, not 

 being distinctive enough to be classified. by themselves, are all labeled 

 "English Walnuts." 



VARIKTIKS OF THE WALNUT — ENGLISH.* 



( Jiti/ldiiK rcyia, Linn.) 



( Plate X, Fig. 2.) 



SyiKiiiynis: .Madiiiii. .N'aiilis, Loi .Vnjieles, Common, Chile, Mission, ot<-. 



Tills walnut was the tirst inti'oduced into our state; from it innumerable 

 varieties have sprung, and of which the principle orchards of the state con- 

 sist. The name is api)lied to any variety of the so-called English walnut. 

 Tt would be difficult to determine the particular variety to which this name 

 belongs ; however, it is a name ap])lied by common consent to any and all 

 varieties that have originated from the so-called English walnut, and really 

 is more of a commercial name through which the pi'oduct is marketed. 



The principal orchards of the state consist of trees grown from seed of 

 the so-called English walnut, and while the walnut comes truer to seed than 

 most fruits, it could not be claimed that all the orchards of the state are of 

 this particular variety, simply because the trees were raised from seed of 

 the original stock. In almost every orchard of the state of early planting 

 are trees bearing nuts wholly unlike the nuts produced by the parent trees, 

 and they can only be classified as types of the original nut, showing the 

 great variation produced from planting the seed. Many of these. orchards, 

 however, consist of types of rare quality, such as the orchards in the Los 

 Nietos Valley, Santa Ana Valley, San Gabriel Valley, Carpinteria, Santa 

 Barbara, etc. While most of the types that originated from the seed grown 

 on trees of early planting produced a hard-shell nut. there were many that 

 produced a thin or soft-shell nut. The best and most productive oi"chai"ds 

 today consist of trees grown from seed of the original trees. 



To describe the so-called English variety would be as difficult as to de- 

 scribe the seedling orange and its many types. Oranges cultivated from 

 seed are known as seedlings, but as the seed from these seedlings has been 

 planted continuously, and though the trees so produced bear fruit so distinct 

 and so variable, they are only seedlings from seedlings, and are accepted 

 under that name without regard to variety. 



Among those trees of early history were many that produced large, clear, 

 hard-shell nuts, which were greatly sought in the market. The nuts of this 

 type were in great demand for planting, although by continuous propaga- 

 tion from the seed for nearly half a century, without regard to the degen- 

 eration of the species, many of these types have been allowed to degenerate 

 until their cultivation has been almost abandoned. 



While seedling trees and small orchards of this so-called English walnut, 

 or Los Angeles nut, are met with in almost every county of the state, the 



*For want of a better name, and to indicate the locality from whence'it came (as it is 

 supposed by all the earliest British botanical writers to have first been introduced into 

 England by the Ronuins), it was called commercially the "PJnglish walnut." 

 It) 



