24'2 REPOKT OF STATE BOARD OF HORTICULTURE. 



successful culture of this nut and its many varieties has been confined to the 

 lower counties — from Santa Barbara to San Diego. Trees grown from seed 

 of this nut — Eng-lish — in many sections have proved too tender to withstand 

 the cold of winter and the heat of §ummer. They generarlly get cut back by 

 frost* in the spring', as they jDut forth too early to escape them. The trees 

 keejD growing quite late in tne season, and the tender shoots and unde- 

 veloped growth suffer from extreme heat, and are nipped by the frost in 

 the fall. 



Of late years several late-blooming varieties produced by chance have 

 come into prominence, having most of the essential qualities required, and 

 which are proving successful everywhere, and will hereafter, no doubt, sup- 

 plant all others of this species. 



While the walnut has reproduced itself, that is, "come the same," from 

 seed, it has a tendency to revert to the wild state, as is the case with all trees 

 when continuously propagated from seed. A variety can only be repi'oduced 

 and remain constant by budding and grafting. In this state many such in- 

 stances have been cited and recorded. 



EUROPEAN VARIETIES. 



The varieties described in this chapter have proved most promising of the 

 numerous kinds introduced into our state of recent years. The descriptions 

 given are by leading growers, whose opinions are worthy of fullest consider- 

 ation: 



Per.^ian — Generic commercial name, applied by common consent to all 

 varieties of the Juglans rcyia. 



jniahoic — (Plate XI, Fig. 9.) — An old and most valuable variety ; late in 

 budding out. The nut is well shaped, roundish-oval, and of fair size ; the 

 kernel is of extra fine quality ; good bearer. The Chaberte originated in 

 France over a century ago, by a man named Chaberte, hence its name. 



"The Chabei'te is a good and thrifty variety." — West. 



' 'The tree is very productive, developing its leaves and blooms late in the 

 spring. ' ' — Rock. 



jFranquette — (Plate X, Fig. 5.)--Blooms late in spring. Originated about 

 the same time as the Mayette, in the southeast of France, by a man named 

 Franquet. It is quite large, of an elongated oval, and very attractive ; 

 the kernel is full-fleshed and sweet, and of rich, nutty flavor. It also buds 

 out late in the spring, being as hardy as Parisienne and Mayette. Very de- 

 sirable as a market nut. 



•"Nuts very large and long; one of the finest for dessert." — Rock. 



*< tn March 2, 1896, the northern and central portions of the state were visited by a 

 severe frost and snowstorm. On the morning of the third I examined the growth of the 

 English walnut in several orchards, which had already grown about four to six in<^hes, 

 and found much damage done to botli the growth and the male catkins. Tlie European 

 varieties did not show any signs of starting. On March 15 the pistillates of the Rnglisli 

 walnut made their first appearance, but all the male flowers, or staminate catkins, had 

 dropped off. On March 22 the European varieties began to put forth. As a consequence 

 there was no crop of English walnuts, but the European varieties set well. 



tDescribed by Mr. Felix Gillet. 



