APPENDIX. 251 



time to time, and if it is found that the twine begins to cut into the stock, it 

 is untied and tied again ; this will prevent any injury to the stock or scion. 

 The twine, however, should be allowed to remain as long as possible, as it 

 prevents the bark surrounding the slit made on the stock from opening and 

 unseating the scion, which is apt to occur from the action of the atmosphere 

 causing the scion to dry out and die. When the scions have grown from six 

 to twelve inches and assumed the functions of the toj), this precaution is no 

 longer necessary, and the twine is then removed altogether. The growth of 

 the scions at this time, however, is very tender, and they may be broken oft" 

 by the slightest touch ; as a protection, it is well to drive a stake at their 

 side, to which they are tied with some loose material or cloth strips. When 

 this method is employed on large limbs, or on the tops of trees, it is well to 

 tie a piece of limb or wood of any kind on the side of the branch and to 

 which the growth of the scion should he tied. Another good protection is 

 to take a piece of green shoot and tie both ends to the branch so grafted, 

 forming a loop over the bud, to prevent birds, etc., from sitting on the graft 

 and thereby disturbing it. 



CLEFT ROOT-GRAFTING. 



One of the most satisfactory methods practiced on small walnut stocks is 

 the cleft-root graft, and its application does not differ materially from the 

 method practiced on pear and apple roots. 



The small plants I only one-year-olds are used ) are taken uj) and grafted 

 indoors. (See Plate \'II, Figs. 1 and 2). They are cut off at the crown and 

 split obliquely and the scion (wedge-shape) inserted and immediately tied 

 with six-ply or eight- ply budding twine or cloth, and waxed.* They are 

 then heeled in sand in some convenient place, exempt from draughts and 

 sunlight, as follows : On the floor of a propagating house or shed moist 

 sand is spread out from six to twelve inches deep: then the grafts are put 

 into it standing, thickly, and covered with sand. The entire graft to within 

 an inch or two of the top is covered without injury to it. The sand should 

 always be kept moist, but not too wet, as the bark of the graft is liable to 

 decay ; and again, the sand must not be allowed to get dry, as the bark of 

 the graft will shrivel and avoid adhesion. They are kept thus stored from 

 four to six weeks, during which time the parts (scion and stock) callous over : 

 they are then planted in nursery rows, and soon after begin to grow. 



TRIANGULAR CROWN GRAFT. 



Like the preceding method (cleft root graft) this, too, has proved success- 

 ful. The stocks (a year old) are not split, but instead a triangular incision 

 is made in the side of the stock, as shown in Fig. 5 at C, about one to one and 

 a half inches long. At this point the wood of the stock is generally quite 

 solid and the pith very small. This cut rather consists of taking out of the 

 stock a triangular piece, into which space a scion is inserted of the same 



* Only wax the parts cut or exposed, so that on planting the string or cloth on the 

 parts not waxed may decay and not bind the stock. It is also advisable to cut the 

 twine or cloth on planting. 



