APPENDIX. 



299 



longed. The recorded appearances of the moths vary from March and the 

 first half of April in California, throug-h May and the early part cff June for 

 most localities in the northern half of the United States, and some moths 

 have not emerged from cellars or storerooms until .July 13 or later. 



During the past two years we have made many visits to orchards early in 

 the spring and have collected and examined hundreds of cocoons. These 

 were placed in cages and the worms allowed to transform into moths, the 

 date of emergence of the latter being noted. In 1896, we began collecting 

 April 8 and found only caterpillars in the cocoons until April 28, when one 

 or two pupil' were seen. In 18!t7, the first pupa was found April 27. and by 

 the seventh of May only about one-fourth had pupated in the cocoons on the 

 trees. The following table gives the dates of the emergence of the moth.s 

 (with the number for each dav) from cocoons collected in April. 18% and 

 1897: 



The above table shows that the moths may emerge over an unusually long- 

 period in the spring in Central New York ; that is. from May .3 until .June 

 22, or over a month and a half. Apparently a majority of them emerged in 

 1896 and 1897 during the last week in May and the first week in .June. We 

 found the first eggs in the orchard on May 28 in 1896, and recently laid eggs. 

 evidently of the first brood, were seen as late as .June 27. 



Compared with the blossf/tning period of apples — The date of the opening of 

 apple blossoms varies considerably in the same localities in different years, 

 depending upon the earliness or lateness of the opening of spring. 



At Ithaca, in 1896, the petals had fallen from most varieties by May 10, and 

 by May 28 the fruit was as large as shown at a and h in Fig. 131. In 1897. 

 however, early varieties of apples were not in full bloom until May 11, and 

 the petals had not fallen from the later varieties until May 20. In the same 

 locality in 1892 Lodeman found that the petals were not off until .June 6 : in 

 1893 he found that the first blossoms opened on May 19, and a few blossoms 

 remained on .June 8. In 1892 the blossoms were off by May 20 in Pennsyl- 

 vania. It is recorded that at Benzonia, Michigan, the season was so late in 

 1888 that there were no apple blossoms for Decoration Day. May 30 ; while 

 the same year in California the apples were in bloom March 17. In 1889 the 

 petals had fallen in Iowa by May 15, and in 1891 Munson records that the 

 last blossoms were falling in Maine on .June 11. In New Hampshire the 



