APPENDIX, 318 



T)ut into each blossom end and that it is not washed out by rains before nature 

 j^ets it protected with the clo;sed calyx lobes. 



How to spray for codling moth — Thousands of fruitgrowers annually go 

 through the operation of spraying their orchards, and yet many of them 

 Mimply waste their time and money, for they only half do it. Every one who 

 s])ray9, or is thinking about doing so, should read and reread Professor 

 Hailey's "Notions About the Spraying of Trees." 



As most of those who have sprayed for this insect have not thoroughly 

 understood the necessity for filling the blossom end with the poison, there is 

 V)ut little definite evidence as to just how this can best be done, Mr. Card, in 

 Nebraska, has recorded the following pertinent suggestions on this point : 

 *' By following the sprayer, I found that ordinarily we do not get the calyx 

 thoroughly drenched. For this reason the spray was made coarser than 

 heretofore, and this seemed to work better, particularly when applied witli 

 considerable foi'ce. It appeared easier to get poison into the cavity when 

 lobes were wide open (see Fig. 145) than when they had begun to close (see 

 Fig. 146), making a vase-formed receptacle. The leaves increase in size very 

 rapidly after the blossoms fall, so, on this account, the sooner the spraying is 

 done the more thorough it is likely to be. Where there is no danger that 

 the poison would be washed out by rains, the best time to apply it would be 

 immediately after the blossoms fall. The later the poison is applied while 

 the calyx is still open the better," 



Th^ expense, or will it pay to spray for the codling moth — Your neighbor who 

 has been spraying his orchard for a year or more can the most effectively 

 answer this question for you. It not only ])ays to spray thoroughly, but it is 

 a positive necessity in many cases. The cost per tree is but a trifling matter 

 and will not exceed from five to ten cents for the season, depending u])on 

 facilities, rains, etc. 



It will be necessary to spray for the codling moth every year that there Ls 

 a setting of fruit, for several reasons. Usually there are less enterprising 

 neighbors who do not spray, and who thus breed a crop of the moths annually, 

 some of which will lind their way into your orchard. The insect breeds 

 readily in wild haws, pears, and some other fruits, so that even when there 

 are no apples in a locality some years, the codling moth does not lack for 

 food. And especially must one remember that we can not hope to reach with 

 the poison spray the fifteen or twenty per cent, or more of the woi'ms which 

 do not enter the fruit at the blossom end, and these are sufficient to develop 

 a large crop for the next season, Avhere there are two or more broods of the 

 insect in a year. 



Is there any danger of poisoning the fruit toith the spray, or the stock pastured 

 in sprayed orchards f — No. For several years after the introduction of spray- 

 ing for the codling moth, this notion prevented its coming into general use. 

 But today one scarcely ever hears the question considered seriously. In 

 18Sy, Cook made some experiments in Michigan which effectually settled 

 the question that there is no danger from pasturing stock in the sprayed 

 orchards. 



