APPENDIX. 339 



nemoved and burned at once. If from any cause this be neglected during 

 the summer, it must be done in the winter, before Alarch. 



Second — The trees should be kept in as healthy and vigorous a condition 

 as possible by cultivation and fertilization. 



Third — The trunks and large limbs, and as many of the smaller limbs and 

 twigs as possible, should be kept covered with a repellent wash which should 

 be applied just before the beetles emerge in early spring, by means of a 

 force pump, and as often as necessary thereafter until the leaves appear, 

 after which it should be applied by means of a white-wash brush to the 

 trunks and larger limbs. 



6. We have found the best wash to be the following : Dissolve as much 

 common washing soda as possible in six gallons of soft water, then dissolve 

 one gallon of ordinary soft soap in the above and add one pint of crude car- 

 bolic acid and mix thoroughly : two pounds of lime is then slaked in two 

 gallons of water and filtered so as to remove all dirt and small lumps: this 

 is now added to the above and mixed: while to all is added one-half pound 

 of paris green or one-fourth jjound of white arsenic, and thoroughly mixed. 



7. The above w-ash, made thicker by the addition of lime, we have 

 found to be as good as any, and much better than most, washes to apply to 

 the trunks and large limbs of apple and peach trees in order to yjrevent the 

 attack of the common peach-tree and apple-tree borers. 



GENERAL REMARKS. 



Two years ago our attention was called to the importance of the fruit-tree 

 bark-beetle by the numerous letters this office received from fi^uitgrowers 

 in various parts of this state. Many of these letters were accompanied by 

 specimens of the beetles and their work, while those that were not were 

 usually explicit enough to enable me to place the cause of the trouble. At 

 that time we believed, as most entomologists still do, that these beetles 

 attack only diseased, injured, devitalized, or dying trees, and advised our 

 correspondents accordingly. The g'reat number of inquiries, however, led 

 us to make investigations and experiments in order to determine whether or 

 not this insect was really doing the damage it was reported to be causing, 

 and, if possible, to find some method to obtain relief. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



This pest is another example of an imported insect, it having been intro- 

 duced into the United States from Europe, where it has been known for some 

 time ; but appears to be held in check by parasitic insects, and is not there 

 regarded as especially destructive. It Avas first noticed in this country near 

 Elmira, New York, in 1877, where it was doing injury to the peach. It has 

 spread until it is now^ found in damaging quantities in the eastern half of the 

 United States from Massachusetts in the east to Kansas in the west, and from 

 Michigan in the north to Alabama in the south. 



