346 REPORT OB' STATE BOARD OP HORTICULTURE. 



The jiarent of this borer i a beautiful beetle, measuring from three- 

 fourths to nearly an inch in length, the mail being perceptibly narrower 

 than the female. The antennae are long, stout, and many-jointed, being- 

 somewhat shorter than the body of the insect itself. These organs and the 

 legs are gray, the under surface of the body and the head are silvery white, 

 and the upper surface is light yellowish brown with two longitudinal white 

 stripes extending through the thorax and elytra or wing-covers to the tip, 

 as shown in the accompanying illustration (Fig. 1, c). 



The larva when mature measures from three-fourths to a little over an 

 inch in length (twenty-two to twenty-six milimetres). It is fleshy and some- 

 what grub-like in appearance, cylindrical in form, and light yellow in color. 

 The head is darker, particularly about the mandibles, which are nearly 

 black. The first thoracic segment is large and broad and bears on its sum- 

 mit numerous small tubercles, placed closely together. The remaining 

 joints of the body are narrower, the constrictions between them being deep 

 and conspicuous. The first seven abdominal segments bear on the upper 

 surface of each a peculiar elevated process, as shown at Fig. 1, b. It is des- 

 titute of organs of locomotion. 



The pupa, illustrated git d, is nearly as long as the adult insect, which it 

 resembles in a superficial manner, the head being bent down toward the 

 breast, and the legs and long antenna? folded upon the ventral surface. Its 

 color is similar to that of the larva. 



Saperda Candida was given its specific name by Fabricius in the year 

 1787, and was again described as new by Thomas Say, in 1824, under the 

 name of S. blvittata, who remarked at the time upon its being injurious to 

 the apple tree by boring into the wood. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



This species is native to this country and present in injurious numbers in 

 practically every state of the apple-growing region east of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains. It inhabits, like so many other injurious insects, the upper austral 

 and transition life zones, comprising the better agricultural portion of all, 

 except the extreme southern states. It has been reported to occur in one 

 locality, Agricultural College, Mississippi, which lies in what is considered 

 the lower austral zone. As with many other injurious species again, it is in 

 the older states, particularly New England and New York, where orchards 

 have been long established, that injuries are most pronounced. Until re- 

 cently this species was not known as especially injurious about the District 

 of Columbia, but at the present time it has become very abundant and de- 

 structive, whole orchards of both young and mature trees having succumbed 

 to its ravages. 



Its known distribution as shown by published and unpublished I'ecords, 

 in the possession of this office, includes Canada, all of New York, New 

 •Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia. West Virginia, Dis- 

 trict of Columbia, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and 

 restricted localities in Texas, Alabama and Mississippi. 



