APPENDIX. 



351 



attraction, permeates the entire burrow where it comes in contact with the 

 Jarva, which soon succumbs. The amount of kerosene which it is necessary 

 to use is so small that it does not endanger the health of the tree. 



Clean cultural methods — Finally, clean culture, the best preventive for 

 insect injui'y of whatever kind, should not be neglected. The nursery should 

 not be started in new localities, where crabs, thorns, June-ben^y, and other 

 wild food plants of this species grow in great profusion, nor in the vicinity 

 of neglected orchards, nor should rank growths of weeds, grasses, bushes, 

 and briars be permitted to accu7nulate about the truulcs of the trees. When 

 a tree is seen to be injured beyond recovery it should be taiven out and 

 destroyed by burning before the following spring, that the larvae which it 

 contains may not have an opportunity to develop and reinfest healthy growth. 



THE SPOTTKl) APPLE-TKEE BORER. 



(Saperda cretata Newm.). 



A very similar insect to the preceding, both in appearance and in habits, 

 is the spotted apple-tree borer [Saperda cretata Newm.). The adult beetle 

 is of nearly the same size and form as the round-headed borer, differing 

 s uperficially by having two white spots on each elytron instead of the lon- 

 gitudinal white lines which distinguish the latter. 

 (See Fig. 2. ) The larva and pupa are so similar that 

 no description need be made of them. Although the 

 species has a fairly wide distribution, corresponding 

 somewhat closely to that of the common species, 

 specific injury by it has only been noted in two 

 states, in Michigan by Prof. A. J. Cook, and in Iowa 

 by Prof. H. Osborn. In the former state this borer 

 is reported as quite as common and destructive as 

 Saperda Candida. Its occurrence is also recorded in 

 ("anada. New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and 

 Ohio, and there are specimens in the national mu- 

 :seum also from Northern Illinois and Texas. It has only been observed 

 injuring apple and wild crab, but its occurrence has also been noted on June- 

 berry and thorn. According to Osborn the " eggs are evidently laid in pairs, 

 half an inch or more apart, along the branch, the larvae of each pair upon 

 hatching working in opposite directions around the branch, at first just be- 

 neath the bark, afterward ( probably after the first year ) entering the hard 

 wood. ' ' 



The remedies for this species are the same as for the preceding, with the 

 -extra precaution that the larger branches also be protected by the wash 

 applied. 



Tig. 2 — Saperda cretata: fe- 

 male beetle — enlarged 

 one-third (original). 



Note.— A third species of Saperda, fa.i/i Bland, has similar habits, and is likely to 

 -attack apple and similarly cultivated pomaceous trees, but is thus far known only on 

 thorns. A very full account of this species was published by the late Doctor Hamilton 

 (Can. Ent. Vol. XX, pp. d-S). 



