APPENDIX. 391 



larvae, and since in early fall strawberry plants were so generally attacked 

 by great numbers of apparently identical larviv, I have been led to infer 

 that the July brood of moths deposits its eggs almost entirely upon the 

 strawberry, although that inference is somewhat opposed to the statement 

 made by Professor Comstock that " the fruit-inhabiting larva? are found (in 

 peaches) during the latter part of July and August and mature during Sep- 

 tember."* and is entirely opposed to the statement of two prominent Cali- 

 fornia authorities, that the small larva> bore into the bark of infested trees 

 and there pass the winter in the larval stage, t 



April 20, larvae of a twig-borer were received from Halsey, Oregon, and 

 between that time and May 25, when the last specimens were received, the 

 work of this insect was reported from Halsey, Hugo, Lookingglass, Oak- 

 land, Dundee, Yoncalla, Junction, Bellefontaine and Granger, and were ob- 

 served at Corvallis, Liberty and Rosedale. Mr. H. E. Dosch, Horticultural 

 Commissioner for the First District, also writes me that he has numerous 

 letters regarding this pest from various parts, and Mr. C. L. Dailey, Com- 

 missioner of the Second District, writes that the ''past is everywhere and 

 small trees are litex^ally denuded of terminal buds." 



The first larvtt? received were slightly more than one-fourth of an inch 

 long, and were of a dirty brown or dull grayish black color, with head, first 

 and last segments, and true legs shining black. In general appearance they 

 so closely resemble the larvae of the bud moth that at first I mistook them 

 for that insect. I soon noticed, however, that the habits of the two species 

 were entirely different and that every larva of the twig-borer was readily 

 distinguished by its shining black terminal segment. But this character, 

 together with the general color of the larvse, rendered them so unlike the 

 larvse of Anarsia Uncatdla (?) as described, and as seen in strawberry plants. 

 and in prune tw'igs last .June, that it did not occur to me that they could 

 belong to that species, until May 17, when four of the moths issued. One of 

 these moths was at once sent to Dr. C. H. Fernald, who wrote that it is 

 Anarsia Ihieatella. 



If this determination is correct, and there can be no reasonable doubt of 

 its accuracy since Doctor Fernald is without doubt the best American au- 

 thority on the microlepidoptera, we are brought face to face with the pecu- 

 liar phenomenon of a well-known insect — one which was described in Europe 

 nearly sixty years ago, and which has been an important insect pest in this 

 country for nearly forty years — being bred, in May, from larvse which are 

 entirely different from those which are supposed to produce it ; while on 

 the other hand a very similar but evidently quite distinct insect is bred 

 from apparently normal larvse of A. lineatella which winter in strawberry 

 crowns, and the second brood of which occasionally attacks the tAvigs of 

 peach, prune, and plum trees in June. Either two species must be involved 

 in this phenomenon or the larvte of A. lineatella must exhibit a double 

 dimorphism due to different food plants and seasons. It appears to us very 



*Rept. Com. Agii. ISVi), p. 2.w. 



tAlexander Craw, Fourth Biennial Rept. Cal. Bd of H(jrt. 



+C. W. Woodworth, Rept. Cal. Expt. Sta. 1894-95, p. 244. 



