APPENDIX. 409 



to u^^e the ammouical solution of copper carbonate. Whichever spray is 

 used should be thoroughly applied, and applied as soon as possible after the 

 fall rains begin. The fungus cannot be destroyed by sprays after is has 

 once entered the tissues of its host. 



In addition to the sprayings recommended, we should advise owners of 

 young orchards, or orchards but little diseased, to carefully cut out and 

 paint over with strong bordeaux all anthracnosed spots that may be 

 observed. As stated in a preceding paragraph, it is possible that the myce- 

 lium of the fungus in the dead area of bark, after resting through the sum- 

 mer, may be stimulated to renewed activity by the fall rains, and thus itself 

 be an additional means of propagating the disease. Should this be the case, 

 which we are at present inclined to doubt, spraying will not be entirely 

 efficient in preventing the spread of the disease. For the present, at least, 

 or until the above suppositian can be proved or disproved, it will be advis- 

 able to supplement the sprayings by using the knife wherever practicable. 

 Old. badly diseased orchards, can best be renovated by pruning severely 

 and spraying thoroughly. 



THE BROWN SPOT OF THE APPLE. 



By Pkofs. I>. R. Jones and W. A. Ortox. 



In the fifth annual report of this station* mention was made of the oc- 

 currence of a fruit spot of the Baldwin apple. Examinations at that time 

 revealed an obscui-e fungus inhabiting the diseased tissues. Sjiecimens were 

 submitted to J. B. Ellis, who reported that the fungus was probably the spe- 

 cies called by De Schweinitz Dotliidea pomigena. Subsequent examinations 

 of herbarium material and literature have shownf that Ikithidca pomigena 

 Schw. is a quite different fungus from the one which occurred in these spots. 

 We have never secured satisfactory fruiting specimens of the fungus in 

 question, and so far as we know the species remains undetermined. Since it 

 is undoubtedly a saprophyte this becomes a matter of less economic import- 

 ance. 



Re-examination of these brown spots has been made by us on various oc- 

 casions since our earlier publication. In most cases, especially in the au- 

 tumn and early winter, no fungus has been detected in the browned tissues, 

 and it has therefore become evident to us that the spotting was not prima- 

 rily a fungous disease. 



*Vt. Sta. Rpt. 5, p. 133 (1891). 



tSturgis iu Conu. Sta. Rpt. 21, p. 171 ( 1897 ), points out that De Schweinitz's descrip- 

 tion of Dothidea pomigena {Phyllachora pomigena (Schw.) Sacc.) agrees very well with 

 the characters of the superficiai fungous growth known as the sooty mold of the apple. 

 Unfortunately De Schweinitz left no specimens of this fungus among his exsicatti. A 

 <'areful comparison of the sooty mold with his description leaves no doubt in our mind 

 iis to the correctness of Stursis" conclusion. 



