• APPENDIX. 413 



than in others, and it may vary also with climatic and other cultural con- 

 ditions. 



Remedies — Wortmann concludes that the spotting^ of susceptible varieties 

 can not be prevented entirely, but that, since trees which are impi*operly 

 cared for produce fruit of less resistance toward unfavorable influences of 

 every sort, proper attention to fertilization and general cultural conditions 

 is called for. He believes that moist cloudy weather, w^hich decreases starch 

 formation, favors the disease and that in seasons where such weather pre- 

 dominates an excess of nitrogenous fertilizer is especially unfavorable. He 

 recommends a dry sunny exposure and pruning so as to admit sunlight. On 

 theoretical grounds he believes that storage in a moist atmosphere with 

 uniformly low temperature will lessen the development of the spots. He 

 also suggests the probable protection which would come from wrapping the 

 apples separately in paper to check transpiration. 



Bschokke revives a suggestion from the older literature that since apples 

 which have lost a considerable moisture from their superficial tissues by 

 rapid evaporation do not spot. Some treatment involving this method might 

 be employed in bad cases. It is doubtful if this will commend itself in actual 

 practice, although it has some theoretical interest. 



Lamson finds that spraying Baldwins with bordeaux mixture — about as 

 recommended for the scab fungus — reduces the amount of spotted fruit to a 

 remarkable degree. 



The following is a summary of his results :* 



Per cent, of spotted fruit. 

 Prevention of hrown spot of Baldwin by spraying with bordeaux mixture. 



1895 Sprayed once before and twice after blossoming. 



1896 Sprayed once before and once after blossom! ng-- 



1896 Sprayed once after blossoming 



1898 Sprayed once before and twice after blcssoming- 



These results are certainly very striking. In view of the above explana- 

 tions of the cause of this disease the question of why spraying should check 

 the tendency to spot becomes a matter of a considerable practical as well as 

 theoretical interest. 



In this connection it should also be observed that Craig reportedf adversely' 

 to bordeaux mixture as a remedy for this spot, but as his conclusions were 

 based on general observations rather than exact experiments they can not 

 be weighed fairly against Lamson 's conclusions. 



*N. H. Exp. Sta. Bills. 45 (1S97), and &5 (1899). 

 f Canada Exp. Farms, Rpt. 10, p. 171 (189tj). 



