APPENDIX. 



433 



FORMS OF HARDWOOD CUTTINGS. 



The simplest form of hardwood cutting has already been described, in 

 speaking of the grape and curi"ant. 



The heel cutting shown at Fig XI consists of a portion of the present sea- 

 son's growth, containing from two to five or more buds with the shoulder of 

 the branch attached. The enlarged portion of a branch at its point of origin 

 from its parent branch, is found to be capable of developing roots, when used 

 as a cutting, under conditions when other portions of the same branch would 

 give an indifferent plant or none at all. 



Mallet nittbig — The name of this form is suggestive of its shape. It differs 

 from heel cutting in that a portion of the parent branch, from which the one 

 used for a cutting took its origin, is retained at the base of the cutting. This 

 form is shown at Fig. XII. It is of especial importance where the present 

 season's growth is too soft to make a satisfactory cutting, and also in those 





Fig. X. 

 (After Fuller). 



E.H 



EH 



E.H. 



Fig. XI. 



Fig. XII. 



cases where the plant is inclined to be indifferent to propagation by cuttings. 

 Its merit consists in having a portion of thoroughly mature wood at its base, 

 together with the shoulder which constitutes the chief value of the heel 

 cutting. In both the heel and mallet cutting, the store of cambium about the 

 shoulder and the node from which the lateral branch had its origin is 

 believed to be the explanation for the higher percentage of success in the 

 use of cuttings of this class. 



There is a serious drawback to the commercial use of these forms of cut- 

 tings because a single heel or mallet cutting is all that can be taken from a 

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