434 



REPOIIT OF STATE BOARD OF HORTICULTURE. 



lateral branch, no matter what its length. For this reason 

 they become expensive, and the exclusive use of these 

 styles for the i^ropagation of plants on a large scale is 

 impracticable. 



Single eye cuttings — These differ from the simple cutting 

 described above only in length, each bud is so treated that 

 it becomes an independent plant. When mature wood is 

 used, such as that of the grape. Fig. XIII, single eye cut- 

 tings are packed away in barrels of sand to callus. When 

 this is successfully accomplished, they are then placed in 

 cutting beds, either under glass or in the open, the cuttings 

 being placed either in a reclining position with the buds 

 EH up and covered with one inch of sand, or in an upright 

 Fig. XIII. position with the buds buried about an inch below the 



surface, as in the former case. This is, as will have been noticed, the most 

 economical method of multiplying plants by cuttings, and when it is desir- 

 able to produce a large number of plants from a limited supply of wood, this 

 is the propagator's only resort. It is in its field as economical as budding in 



the ai't of grafting. 



GRAFTING. 



'•Grafting is the process or operation of inserting a scion into a stock." 

 Cion or Scion — " A portion of a plant inserted upon the same or another 

 plant with the intention that it shall grow." 



The wood for scions like that for hardwood cuttings must be taken while 

 in a dormant or resting condition. The time usually considered best is after 

 the leaves have fallen, but before severe freezing begins in early winter. 

 The scions are then tied in bunches and buried in moist sand where they 

 will not freeze and yet be kept cold enough to prevent germination. Good 

 results often follow cutting scions in the spring just before or at the time 

 the grafting is to be done. If cleft-grafting is the style employed this 

 practice frequently gives good results, but spring cutting of scions for 

 whip-grafting, i. e. root-grafting, is not desirable, as not enough time is given 

 for proper healing of the wound before planting time in the spring. 



Were all forms of the art of grafting to be taken from the horticulturist 

 today commercial fruitgrowing in its high state of perfection would decay 

 with the orchards now standing. 



All horticultural varieties or sorts of fruits belonging either to the pomes, 



drupes, or citrous classes, are now 

 multiplied by budding or grafting. 

 These arts are really the corner- 

 stones upon which the entire horti- 

 cultural superstructure of today 

 rests. The progress in plant-breed- 

 ing and the great rapidity with 

 which new sorts are now dissemi- 

 l' , ]| nated, could not be attained without 



;|j^^*:^j8j[ the aid of -budding I or grafting. 



Fig. XVII. Under existing conditions it is not 



ak^li^'- 



