APPENDIX. 437 



scion and stock have been locked together, as shown in Fig. XXIII, they 

 should be wrapped with tive or six turns of waxed cotton, in order that the 

 parts may be held firmly together. 



The root or stock may be left any convenient length, from two and a 

 half to six inches, and the scion cut accordingly. In general, the shorter 

 the root the longer the scion, and vice versa. The practices of the more 

 rigorous climates tend to short piece roots and long scions. At planting 

 time the whip graft, when used upon small stocks, should have the scion cov- 

 ered as well as the stock, the topmost bud of the scion, if any. left above 

 the soil. If the graft is to be exposed, it should be covered with waxed 

 muslin, or with the harder wax above described. When deeply planted, 

 either in a furrow or with a dibble, the waxed cotton will be ample. 



BUDDING. 



Budding — There are numerous styles of budding, but here the one in 

 most common use will be described. 



Budding is one of the most economical forms of artificial reproduction, 

 and each year witnesses its more general use. Some nurserymen have gone 

 so far as to use it as a substitute for all other modes of grafting, save whip- 

 grafting, in the propagation of the dwarf pear. Budding is economical in 

 the amount of wood used from which to take buds or scions. In this method 

 a single bud does the work of the three or more upon the scion of the cleft 

 or whip graft. But while it is economical of wood, it "is expensive in the 

 use of stocks, a seedling being required for each tree, while with the piece- 

 root system of grafting, two, three, or more stocks can be made from a 

 single seedling. The operation is simple and can be done with great speed 

 by expert budders. The expense of the operation is, therefore, not more 

 than that of whip-grafting, although the work has, usually, to be done in 

 July, August, or early September. The usual system^is^forja'man to set the 

 buds, he being followed closely by a boy who does the tying. 



