APPENDIX. 



439 



branch is removed with the bud. The operation of cutting the bud is 

 illustrated in Figs. XXV, A and B. 



The stock for budding should be at least as thick as the ordinary lead 

 pencil. With the apple and pear a second season's growth will be necessary 

 to develop this size, while with the peach a single season will suffice, i. e., 

 peach stocks can be budded the same season the pits are planted ; conse- 

 quently the peach is left until as late in the season as is practicable, in order 

 to obtain suitable sizes of stock. 



The height at which buds are inserted varies with the operator. In 

 general, the nearer the ground the better. The cut for the reception of the 

 bud is made in the shape of a letter T (see Fig. XXVI). Usually the cross- 

 cut is made at a slight angle with the body of the tree instead of at right 

 angles to it, and the stem to the T starts at the cross-cut and extends towards 

 the root for an inch or more. The Haps of bark caused by the intersection 



f . H. 



=^iW. 



Fig. XXVIII. 



Fig. XXIX. 



Fig. XXX. 



of the two cuts, Fig. XXVII, are slightly loosened with the ivory heel of 

 the budding knife, and the bud, grasped by the leaf-stem as a handle, is 

 placed under the flaps and firmly pushed in place until its cut surface is 

 entirely in contact with the peeled body of the stock. ( See Fig. XXVIII ). 

 A ligature is then tightly drawn about, above, and below the bud to hold it 

 in place until a union shall be formed. Such a bandage is shown in Fig. 

 XXIX. Bands of raffia about eight or ten inches long make a most con- 

 venient tying material. As soon as ths buds have united with the stock 

 ( taken ) the ligature should be cut in order to prevent girdling the stock 

 and bud. This done, the operation is complete until the following spring, 

 when all the trees in which the buds have taken should have the top cut off 

 just above the bud, as is shown in Fig. XXX, in which the upright shoot 

 represents the growth from the bud. This forces the entire strength of the 



