APPENDIX. 



445 



and the proper cutting and removal for lumber purposes of fully-g-rown or 

 mature trees, instead of being an injury is in reality a benefit to the forests, 

 by giving room and admitting more light to the young trees and saplings. 

 The most dangerous enemy against which we have to contend is the "forest 

 tires, " and our first duty in regard to the forest is the prevention of forest fires 

 and the I'emoval of their causes. In this respect an important step in the 

 right direction was taken when in 1897 the federal government constituted 

 some of our principal forest reserves, and it is due to the present Comniis- 

 sioner of the General Land Office, Hon. Binger Hermann, to Superintend- 

 ent S. B. Ormsby, and to the forty rangers in the service in Oregon, to say 

 that the system of forest patrol has fully demonstrated the feasibility of 

 preventing forest fires and saving one of our chief resources from useless 

 destruction. 



In order to more clearly demonstrate the variety and value of our numer- 

 ous forest trees of economic importance, it may be well to classify them, 

 giving the botanical and common names of each with their range and chief 

 uses. To do this properly, I will therefore enumerate them according to 

 the natural system of Engler and Prantl. 



Of the sixty-one species occurring in Oregon or on its immediate borders, 

 thirty-four are cone-bearei's and twenty-seven hardwood trees, which are 

 included in fifteen orders and twenty-nine genera, as follows: 



PINAOE^. 



IHnus LainbcrtUtna Dousl., Sugar Piiu-. 

 P. montuxla Dougl., Mouutaln White 



Pine. 

 P.flexiliK James, Limber Pine. 

 P. albicaiiUs Kngelni, White-baric Pine. 

 P. Balfour Uuui Slurr, Foxtail Pine. 

 P. poiidcrosa Dougl., Western Yellow 



Pine. 

 P. Jcffrej/i "Oreg. Coth.," Blaclc Pine. 

 P. contorta Loud, Twi.sted Pine or West- 

 ern Scrub Pine. 

 P. Murrayana "Oreg. Com.," Ijodgepole 



Pine. 

 P. Coulteri Lamb., Coulter Pine. 

 P. attenuata Leiumon, Knobcone Pine. 

 Larix occidental is Nutt., Western Larch 



or Tamarack. 

 L. LyalU Pari., Lyall Lareli. 

 Picea Engelmanni Engelm., Engelman 



Spruce. 

 P. ptingcns Engelm., Blue Spruce. 

 P. Sitchcnsis (Bong.) T. ct M., Tideland 



Spruce. 

 P. Breweriana. Watson, Weeping Spruce. 

 Tstu/a itetcrophi/lla, Western Hemlock. 

 T. Mcrtensiana, Alpine Hemlock. 

 Pseudotsuya mucrunata ( Raf.) Sudw. 



Douglas Spruce. 

 Abies laHocarpa (Hook) Nutt., Alpine 



Fir. 

 A. grandis Lindl., Great Silver Fir. 

 A. concolor ( Gord.) Parry, White Fir. 

 A.concolor Lowiana (Murr.) Lemmon 



Pale-leaf White Fir. 

 A.amabilis ( Ijoud.) Forbes, Amabili.s 



Fir. 

 A. nobilis Lindl., Noble Fir. 

 A. -rnagnifica Murr, Red-bark Fir, or 



Shasta Fir. 

 Sequoia sempervirejis (Lamb.) Endl., Red- 

 wood. 

 Libocedeus decurrens Torr., Incense 



Cedar. 

 Thvja plicata Don., Pacific Bed Cedar. 



MVKICACE.E. 



Mi/rira CaU/ornira Cham., Califoiniit Wax 

 Myrtle. 



SALICACE.*:. 



Popidus Iremuloides Mx., Aspen or Poplar. 

 P. balsaniifera L.,Balm of Gileador BaLsam 



Popular. 

 P. tric/iocarpa T. <fe G., Black Cottonwood 



BETULACE.E. 



Betula ocridenialis Hook., Western Birch. 

 Alnus rhomb if olia Nutt., Mountain Alder. 

 A. Orcgona Nutt., Red Alder. 

 Corylux Odifornicd (Adel.) Heller, Hazel. 



FKAGACE. • 



f'astanopsis chriisophylla (Hook.) Adel., 



Goldleaf Chinquapin. 

 ()uercus Garryana Dougl., Pacific Post 



(Jak. 

 Q. chrysolepsis Liebm., Canon Live Oak. 

 Q. Califoriuca (Torr.) Cooper, California 



Black Oak. , 



Q. dcnsifiora H. & H., Tanbark Oak. 



LAURACE.E. 



UmbpUidaria Californica ( H. & A.) Nut). 

 California Laurel. 



ROSACE.E. 



Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt., Mountain 

 Mahogany. 



POMACE.E. 



Mains rivularis ( Dougl.) Roem., Oregon 



Crab-apple. 

 Cratcegus Douglasii, Lindley, Western 



Haw. 



DKUPACE-D. 



Cerasus emarginatu Dougl., Bitter Cherry. 



C. mollis Dougl., Woollyleaf Cherry. 



C. deviissa Nutt., Western Choke Cherry. 



ACEEACE.E. 



Acer macrophyllam Pursh., Oregon Maple. 

 A. circinatiim Pursh., Vine Maple. 



RHAMNACE.E. 



Rhamnus Purshiana deC, Chittimwood or 

 Bearwood. 



CORNACE^. 



Cornus Nuttallii Aud., W^estern Dogwood. 



