APPENDIX. 447 



LIMBER PINE. 

 (P.flexilis James.) 



A subalpine tree mostly confined to the Rocky Mountains. Usually more 

 or less depressed when found about the upper limits of its altitudinal range, 

 but making- very serviceable lumber and mine timber at lower elevations. 

 It is the principal timber tree of Utah and Nevada. Leaves, five in a 

 fascicle one and one-half to two inches long; cones, two to four inches long. 

 Reported to occur in Wallowa County, Northeastern Oregon. 



WHITE-BARK PINE. 

 (P. olbicaulis, Engelm.) 



The most alpine in habitat of all the pines, usually found about the extreme 

 tree limit on all the mountains of Oregon, consequently a much depressed 

 tree rarely exceeding thirty feet in height or three feet in diameter. 

 Though close grained and of firm texture, it is seldom, if ever, used for lum- 

 ber owing to its inaccessibility. Its alpine habitat and consequent freedom 

 from forest fires enables this tree to attain a groat age, some veterans show- 

 ing the extreme age of seven hundred to eight hundred years. Leaves, five 

 in a fascicle, one and one-half to two inches long ; cones, one and one-half to 

 three inches long, producing a soft-shell nut that is much eaten by Clark's 

 Crow {N'ucifraga CoJmnbiana). 



Rimqc — California to British Columbia, north latitude 53°. 



Use — Fuel. Nuts, edible. 



FOXTAIL PINE. 

 (P. Balfouriana, Murr.) 



A comparatively rare pine definitely known only from a few spots in the 

 Sierra Nevada and in North California near Mount Shasta. Leaves, five in 

 a fascicle, one to two inches long ; cones, three to five inches long. Reported 

 to occur in the Siskiyou Mountains, Southern Oregon. 



WESTERN YELLOW PINE. 



(P. Ponderosa, Dougl.) 



A magnificent tree almost equalling the sugar pine in size. It ranges 

 from one hundred to two hundred feet in height and from three to ten feet 

 in diameter. Bark very thick, thus affording a certain amount of protec- 

 tion from forest fires; de'eply fissured into large plates and flaking off at the 

 base of the tree, giving it a yellowish or yellowish-red appearance. 



This is the only pine tree to be found growing naturally within the city 

 limits of Portland, and to its presence therein Pine Street owes its name. 

 Leaves, usually three inches in a fascicle, five to ten inches long; cones, con- 

 ical-ovate in shape, two and one-half to five and one-half inches long, and pro- 

 ducing seeds. 



Banqe — California to Fraser and Columbia River valleys in British 

 Columbia, north latitude 50°, 7^. 



Use — In great demand for lumber in Eastern and Central Oregon, inside 

 finishing, laths, farm buildings, fuel, etc. 



